Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular obligate parasite. Its transmission has usually been attributed to ingestion of undercooked or raw meat. The frequency of T. gondii in pork, the most common meat for human consumption in Jalisco, Mexico, is unknown; in Guadalajara city high prevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been documented. Forty-eight samples of pork meat from butcher shops in Ocotlán city were analyzed. Through bioassay, 50 g of tissue was homogenized in an acidic pepsin solution and inoculated subcutaneously to previously immunosuppressed mice. Blood samples from the mice tail vein were obtained before inoculation and 7, 14, 28, and 45 days postinoculation to analyze anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibody kinetics by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For histopathology, small fragments of the brain, lungs, heart, and skeletal muscle were extracted on day 45 and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Also, DNA was extracted from the pork meat for PCR amplification of the B1 gene. Even though all pork samples were negative by histopathology and PCR, IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 1 of the 48 inoculated mice, reflecting a frequency of 2.1% positive pork meat, which is lower than expected but similar to that found in other regions.

Multidrug resistance is a global public health problem. In 2017, in Mexico, Salmonella caused 192,771 foodborne zoonosis cases. Sonora, Hidalgo, Mexico State and Jalisco have reports of multi-resistant Salmonella strains in chicken and beef carcasses in slaughterhouses; however, the prevalence in livestock herds is unknown. From January 2012 to October 2013, 144 diarrheal stool samples were collected from bovine hatchlings from the Altos Sur region of the Jalisco State. As a result, the presence and serotype of Salmonella was determined, as well as the antibiotic resistance profile, and the genetic relationship, using PFGE. The Salmonella prevalence was 4.16 % (6/144) in feces, identifying the serotypes Anatum, Pullorum, Poona, Typhi, Gallinarum and Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae. All the strains showed resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and some of them, additionally, to amikacin, cefotaxime and/or ceftriaxone. In addition, the persistence and potential spread of two Salmonella Anatum strains was discovered in one herd. This is the first study conducted in neonate bovine in the Jalisco State, Mexico, to detect multidrug resistant Salmonella. Continuous monitoring of multi-drug resistance in animal biota for human food and ongoing training of veterinary doctors are key elements for efficient prophylaxis and antimicrobial pharmacotherapy.

Las capacidades tecnológicas y los hábitos de estudio del estudiante del tercer milenio, han conducido al docente a explorar entornos mixtos y rediseñar metodologías de enseñanza. En el nivel superior, particularmente en las disciplinas de la salud, el aprendizaje práctico debe estar encaminado a i) la adquisición de habilidades de relación y comunicación del conocimiento, ii) mejorar las competencias instrumentales y metrológicas en el laboratorio, y iii) favorecer el pensamiento crítico, autogestivo y asertivo. El método ABP en contraste con la docencia tradicional promete alcanzar estos objetivos en el profesional en formación. En este estudio de investigación correlacional se diseñó una secuencia de estrategias didácticas en donde se combinaron entornos presenciales, virtuales o híbrido, con la didáctica tradicional y mixta (tradicional + ABP). El estudio se llevó a cabo durante 8 semestres. Con un 95% de confianza la metodología mixta (tradicional + ABP) es mejor (P<0.05) con respecto a la enseñanza solo por la metodología tradicional. No solo la evaluación cuantitativa del estudiante, sino la ganancia de habilidades de comunicación y prácticas se favorecieron con la metodología mixta. Con lo anterior se afirma que las metodologías docentes como el ABP en donde el estudiante posee un rol activo en su proceso de aprendizaje impactan con calidad en la formación del futuro profesional de la salud.