PALAVRAS-CHAVE-Educação

RESUMO. As infecções causadas por bactérias e fungos, assim como a sucessiva resistência desses micro-organismos, continuam com altas incidências. Desse modo, estudos com plantas medicinais e sua combinação à terapia convencional, fazem-se essenciais. O presente estudo verificou a atividade antibacteriana, antifúngica e modificadora da resistência a antibióticos e antifúngicos dos extratos etanólico, hexânico e metanólico das folhas de Kalanchoe pinnata, utilizada na medicina popular. A fitoquímica foi realizada de forma qualitativa através de observação visual da mudança de coloração e formação de precipitados após adição de reagentes específicos como: cloreto férrico (Fecl 10%) hidróxido de sódio (NaOH10%), ácido clorídrico (HCL 1%), ácido acético 5%, hidróxido de amônia (NH OH 10%), 3 4 clorofórmio 10% e reagente de Draggendorff. A análise para a atividade antimicrobiana foi por meio do teste de microdiluição para determinação de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e modificadora da ação dos antibióticos (gentamicina e amicacina) e antifúngicos (cetoconazol e fluconazol) em associação com os extratos. Os ensaios fitoquímicos indicaram a presença de metabólitos secundários como flavonóides, alcalóides e taninos flabobênicos. Na avaliação da CIM foram obtidos resultados < 1024µg/mL para Candida albicans e Candida krusei. Houve sinergismo entre os extratos das folhas de Kalanchoe pinnata com os aminoglicosídeos e antifúngicos, reduzindo a concentração da CIM das cepas multirresistentes. Nossos resultados demonstram que os extratos da Kalcinchoe pinnata possuem constituintes bioativos com atividade antimicrobiana in vitro.

No abstract

Introduction: Depression, being the most disabling disease in the world and presenting high morbidity and mortality, requires an effective treatment to ensure the maintenance of the patients' quality of life. About a third of patients do not respond adequately to antidepressant treatment. New pharmacological therapies are being approached in order to reduce the unfavorable outcomes resulting from this pathology. Objective: To develop a systematic review of the literature on the new possibilities of pharmacological treatments for depression in the last four years. Method: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). We have included studies on the effectiveness of new pharmacological therapies in patients with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Results: In the treatment of the major depressive disorder (MDD), the use of brexpiprazole 1 mg/day in addition to the usual antidepressant treatment (ADT) resulted in significant improvement in the main symptoms. Already referring to treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD): nasal esketamine proved beneficial in the short term, intravenous (IV) ketamine also appears as an effective therapy. Conclusion: The use of brexpiprazole 1 mg/day associated with an antidepressant, and the use of lactobacilli represent a new option for those with MDD. In addition, both ketamine, riluzole, and cariprazine appear as new hopes for those who have not yet achieved remission of the depressive disorder with the use of more than two antidepressants.

Introduction Depression, being the most disabling disease in the world and presenting high morbidity and mortality, requires an effective treatment to ensure the maintenance of the patients' quality of life. About a third of patients do not respond adequately to antidepressant treatment. New pharmacological therapies are being approached in order to reduce the unfavorable outcomes resulting from this pathology. Objective To develop a systematic review of the literature on the new possibilities of pharmacological treatments for depression in the last four years. Method A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). We have included studies on the effectiveness of new pharmacological therapies in patients with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Results In the treatment of the major depressive disorder (MDD), the use of brexpiprazole 1 mg/day in addition to the usual antidepressant treatment (ADT) resulted in significant improvement in the main symptoms. Already referring to treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD): nasal esketamine proved beneficial in the short term, intravenous (IV) ketamine also appears as an effective therapy. Conclusion The use of brexpiprazole 1 mg/day associated with an antidepressant, and the use of lactobacilli represent a new option for those with MDD. In addition, both ketamine, riluzole, and cariprazine appear as new hopes for those who have not yet achieved remission of the depressive disorder with the use of more than two antidepressants