Increased plantar pressure has been found to be related with greater risk of falling. Although there is evidence suggesting that obesity is linked to foot disorders, the association between obesity and plantar pressure of older adults has been poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between obesity and plantar pressure distribution and to explore its relationship with body fat distribution. Two hundred and eleven older women took part in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index was taken for obesity classification. Whole body, android, and gynoid fat percentage was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Peak plantar pressure was evaluated during gait using an Emed AT-4 pressure platform. Obese volunteers generated greater peak pressure at midfoot (187.26 kPa) compared to both normal weight (128.52 kPa, p < .001) and overweight (165.74 kPa, p < .001). Peak plantar pressure at midfoot was also greater in overweight compared to normal weight (p < .001). At forefoot, peak pressure was higher in the obese (498.15 kPa) compared to normal weight volunteers (420.41 kPa, p = .007). Additionally, whole body, android, and gynoid fat percentage were significantly associated with peak pressure at midfoot and forefoot. Therefore, clinicians dealing with falls should consider the effect of increased body weight on plantar pressure.

The aim of this study was to analyze the acute metabolic response to exercise in fasting and postprandial. For this, ten individuals were submitted to an incremental treadmill test, with an initial speed of 5 and 1 km/h increments every minute, with no inclination, and a body composition assessment. After this 1st day, all volunteers were submitted to two experimental procedures (fasting and postprandial), with an aerobic exercise performed for 36 minutes at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption. At postprandial procedure, all subjects ingested a breakfast containing 59.3 g of carbohydrate (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%), with a total energy intake of 349.17 kcal. An analysis of plasma concentration of triglycerides, lactate, and glucose was performed in two stages: before and after exercise. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data. For analysis of glucose concentration, plasma lactate, and triglycerides, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance factorial 2×2, with Bonferroni multiple comparison test. The significance level of P<0.05 was adopted. The results indicated a maintenance level of glucose at fasting and a decrease in glucose concentration at postprandial exercise. Both conditions increase plasma lactate. Triglycerides also increased in the two experimental conditions; however, after exercise fasting, the increase was significantly higher than in the postprandial exercise. These data suggest that both exercises could increase plasma lactate and triglycerides. However, exercise performed in fasting condition decreases glucose concentration and increases triglycerides, even more than postprandial exercise.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single-dose of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. Twenty-three trained young males were randomly assigned to receive either a single-dose supplementation of 3 g of HMB-FA (n = 12; age, 22.8 ± 3.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 11; age, 22.9 ± 3.1 years). A muscle damage protocol was applied 60 min after supplementation, and consisted of 7 sets of 20 drop jumps from a 60-cm box with 2-min rest intervals between sets. Muscle swelling, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), and work capacity (WC) were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after the exercise protocol. Muscle swelling, CMJ, and MVIT changed similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.001), but returned to pre-exercise levels after 24 h in both groups. WC decreased similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.01). For HMB-FA, WC returned to pre-exercise level 24 h after exercise protocol. However, for PLA, WC did not return to pre-exercise level even 72 h after the exercise protocol. In summary, a single-dose of HMB-FA supplementation improved WC recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. However, HMB-FA did not affect the time-course of muscle swelling, MVIT, and CMJ recovery.

ARTIGO ORIGINAL | ORIGINAL ARTICLE RESUMOO presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar as respostas hematológicas agudas em indivíduos submetidos a um teste cardiorrespiratório incremental máximo em esteira sem inclinação. Foram analisados 23 indivíduos, 12 homens e 11 mulheres, com idade média de 30,2 (± 8,4) anos, massa corporal média de 68,1 (±18,1) kg, estatura média de 170,2 (±9,8) cm, e IMC médio de 23,2 (±3,7) kg/m², fisicamente ativos, com prática mínima de 3,5 horas semanais de exercício há pelo menos 6 meses. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a um teste incremental máximo em esteira, com recolha de sangue venoso para análise antes e imediatamente após o término do teste. Utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para análise das variáveis pré e pós teste. Adotou-se p < 0,05 como nível de significância. Houve elevação significativa na contagem de leucócitos (69,23%; p = 0,005), linfócitos (17,56%; p = 0,043), monócitos (85,41%; p = 0,012) e granulócitos (28,21%; p = 0,011). Foi igualmente observado um aumento significativo, nas hemácias (3,42%; p = 0,042), no hematócrito (5,39%; p = 0,038) e na hemoglobina (5,58%; p = 0,013). Com o presente estudo, concluímos que a realização de um teste máximo de corrida em esteira pode elevar significativamente as concentrações sanguíneas de leucócitos e respetivas subpopulações, assim como de hemácias e hemoglobina. Palavras-chave: Células Sanguíneas, Teste de Esforço, Contagem de Leucócitos ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to study acute hematologic responses in individuals undergoing a cardiopulmonary maximum incremental treadmill test without inclination. Were analyzed 23 individuals, 12 men and 11 women, with a mean age of 30.2 (± 8.4) years, mean weight of 68.1 (± 18.1) kg, mean height of 170.2 (± 9.8) cm, and mean BMI of 23.2 (±3.7) kg/m², physically active, with a minimum practice of 3.5 hours per week of exercise for at least 6 months. The subjects were submitted to a maximal incremental treadmill test, with venous blood collection for analysis before and immediately after completion of the test. Was used Wilcoxon test for analysis of pre and post test variables. Was adopted p < 0.05 as significance level. There was a significant increase in leukocyte count (69.23%; p = 0.005), lymphocytes (17.56%; p = 0.043), monocytes (85.41%; p = 0.012) and granulocytes (28.21%; p = 0.011). It was also observed a significant increase in erythrocytes (3,42%; p = 0,042), hematocrit (5.39%; p = 0.038) and hemoglobin (5.58%; p = 0.013). With this study, was concluded that performing a maximal test of treadmill running can significantly raise blood levels of leukocytes and respective sub-populations, as well as red blood cells and hemoglobin.

-The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between obesity, risk of falls and fear of falling in older women. Two hundred and twenty-six volunteers (68.05 ± 6.22 years, 68.06 ± 11.79 kg, 1.56 ± 0.06 m) were classified as normal weight, overweight or obese, according to the body mass index. Risk of falls and fear of falling were evaluated using QuickScreen Clinical Falls Risk Assessment and Falls Efficiency Scale -International (FES-I), respectively. Comparisons between groups were conducted using Chi-square and ANOVA One-way tests. The significance level was set at p< 0.05. Obesity was associated with greater probability of falls (p< 0.001), which may be partly explained by decreased muscle strength (p< 0.001) and reaction time (p< 0.001). In addition, significant differences between groups was observed in FES-I score (p< 0.01), with obese women showing more pronounced fear of falling (30.10 ± 8.4) than normal weigh (25. 33 ± 7.11, p< 0.01) and overweight subjects (26.97 ± 7.05, p< 0.05). These findings corroborate previous evidence pointing obesity as a major risk factor for falls. Therefore, health professionals dealing with fall prevention should consider the effects of overweight.Key words: Accidental falls; Aging; Obesity. (68,05 ± 6,22 anos; 68,06 ± 11,79 kg; 1,56 ± 0,06 m) (30,10 ± 8,4) que as eutróficas (25,33 ± 7,11; p< 0,01) e as sobrepesadas (26,97 ± 7,05; p< 0,05 Resumo -O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi verificar a associação entre obesidade, risco de quedas e medo de cair em mulheres idosas. Duzentas e vinte e seis voluntárias