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Cystic lesions of the mediastinum are uncommon, comprising 12% to 18% of all primary mediastinal tumors and unless they attain a large size and cause compressive symptoms, these tumors are generally asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally upon radiologic investigation of some other condition. We present in this paper a case of cystic lesions of the mediastinum in a 70-year-old male patient who underwent a surgery for mediastinal mass removal. Histopathology report had shown it was the case of mature cystic teratoma of anterior mediastinum. Based on a review of the literature, as well as our experience, we conclude that best treatment for cystic lesions of anterior mediastinum is complete surgical resection if possible.

Background/Aim. Insufficient bone thickness (thickness less than 2 mm) frequently leads to fenestration and dehiscence, leading to additional bone resorption. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is becoming a priority in the diagnosis of bone thickness needed for implant placement. It has proven to be an accurate and largely reliable diagnostic tool in the image of morphology and buccal wall thickness. The aim of this study was to measure the vestibular bone thickness of the anterior maxillary region in Serbian population and compare the difference between men and women, left and right sides of the jaw. Methods. CBCT images of 68 patients were examined from the existing database. The length from the cemento-enamel junction to the beginning of the alveolar bone was measured, followed by the thickness of the vestibular bone at various clinically relevant locations. Results. The data were statistically processed, analyzing a total of 373 teeth of the frontal region of the upper jaw, including 128 central incisors, 124 lateral incisors and 121 canines. The analysis of this study showed that the thickness of the buccal bone in more than 88% cases was less than 1.5 mm at all reference points, with mean values from 0.72 to 1.02 mm. Conclusion. A very small number of maxillary teeth have a vestibular bone thickness > 2 mm; therefore, the criterion to provide at least 2 mm of thickness needed for implant placement is difficult to meet. This increases the use of auxiliary methods of bone augmentation during immediate implant placement.

Breast cancer is not only a mass of genetically abnormal tissue in the breast. This is a well-organized system of a complex heterogeneous tissue. Cancer cells produce regulatory signals that stimulate stromal cells to proliferate and migrate; then, stromal elements respond to these signals by releasing components necessary for tumor development that provide structural support, vasculature, and extracellular matrices. Developing tumors can mobilize a variety of cell types from both local and distant niches via secret chemical factors derived from cancer cells themselves or neighboring cells disrupted by growing neoplasm, such as fibroblasts, immune inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells. CSCs are a group of very few cells that are tumorigenic (able to form tumors) and are defined as those cells within a tumor that can self-renew and lead to tumorigenesis. BCSCs represent a small population of cells that have stem cell characteristics and are related to breast cancer. There are different theories about the origin of BCSCs. BCSCs are responsible for breast carcinoma metastasis. Usually, there is a metastatic spread to the bones, and rarely to the lungs and liver. A phenomenon that allows BCSCs to make the transition from epithelial to mesenchymal expression and thus avoid the effect of cytotoxic agents is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During this process, cells change their molecular characteristics in terms of loss of epithelial characteristics taking the mesenchymal phenotype. This process plays a key role in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of breast tumors.

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