Evaluación del aprendizaje basado en problemas y examen final: diferencias en la percepción de justicia y el desarrollo de competencias Problem-based learning assessment and final examination: differences in the perception of justice and the competencies development Resumen-El examen es uno de los métodos de evaluación mayoritariamente utilizados en el contexto universitario. No obstante, su conexión con la capacidad para el afrontamiento y resolución de los problemas significativos de la vida profesional futura del alumnado ha sido cuestionada, y la evaluación del aprendizaje basado en problemas cobra cada vez más relevancia como alternativa al examen. Esta evaluación se centra en situaciones de aprendizaje de la vida real y puede suponer un beneficio tanto para el alumnado como para el marco de enseñanza actual, que demanda procesos de evaluación justos y que permitan al alumnado el desarrollo de competencias útiles para su desempeño laboral futuro. Con el objetivo de comprobar si la evaluación del aprendizaje basado en problemas supone una mejora de la percepción de justicia procedimental y la percepción del desarrollo de competencias del alumnado, 44 estudiantes universitarios fueron evaluados mediante ambos métodos y posteriormente cumplimentaron un cuestionario para su comparación. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto los beneficios de la evaluación del aprendizaje basado en problemas. Palabras clave: evaluación, justicia, competenciasAbstract-The final examination is one of the assessment methods mostly used in the university context. However, their relatedness with the ability for coping and resolving significant problems of the future professional life of the students have been questioned, and problembased learning assessment becomes increasingly relevant as an alternative to exam. This assessment is focused on real-life learning situations and may involve a benefit to both students and the current educational framework, which requires fair evaluation processes that allow students to develop useful competencies for their future work performance. In order to test if the problem-based learning system implies an improvement in the perception of procedural justice and in the perception of students' development of competences, 44 university students were evaluated by means of both methods and then completed a questionnaire to compare them. The results highlighted the benefits of the problem-based learning assessment.
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