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Resumen: El acceso a las prácticas de ocio forma parte de los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, aun existen amplios sectores sociales que tienen velado su acceso. Esta exclusión se manifiesta especialmente en regiones con altos índices de desigualdad, como América Latina. La modalidad turística que intenta dar respuesta a esta problemática es el turismo social, que surge para coadyuvar a que ciertos colectivos vulnerables logren hacer efectivo su derecho a las vacaciones. Conforme a lo descrito, la investigación pretende analizar las políticas de turismo social impulsadas por gobiernos sudamericanos, destinadas a ofrecer vacaciones a aquellos grupos vulnerables. El estudio describe un primer análisis de situación y esboza una serie de propuestas optimizadoras.

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The main objective of this study was to analyze local perceptions of climate variability and the different adaptation strategies of four communities in the southern Yucatán Peninsula, using the Social-Ecological System (SES) approach. Four SESs were considered: two in the coastal zone and two in the tropical forest zone. Data were collected using different qualitative methodological tools (interviews, participant observation, and focal groups) and the information collected from each site was triangulated. In all four sites, changes in climate variability were perceived as “less rain and more heat”. In the tropical forest (or Maya) zone, an ancestral indigenous weather forecasting system, known as “Xook k’íin” (or “las cabañuelas”), was recorded and the main activity affected by climate variability was found to be slash-and burn farming or the milpa. In the coastal zone, the main activities affected are fishing and tourism. In all the cases analyzed, local climate change adaptation strategies include undertaking alternative work, and changing the calendar of daily, seasonal and annual labor and seasonal migration. The population of all four SESs displayed concern and uncertainty as regards dealing with these changes and possible changes in the future.