Background: Although frequently considered a benign condition, new evidence has shown that mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is associated with complex ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant studies to investigate the parameters that could identify MVP patients at higher risk of experiencing complex VAs. Method:We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed for potential studies between January 2010 and January 2021. Our meta-analysis included studies comparing MVP patients with complex VAs (A-MVP) and those without (NA-MVP). We used the fixed-effects model to obtain the odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), or mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each analyzed parameter.Results: Six studies with 848 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. As compared to the NA-MVP patients, A-MVP patients had a higher prevalence of inverted

Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) have become an emerging challenge for neurologists worldwide with the rise of brain injuries. Trauma can lead to various outcomes, ranging from naive spasms to debilitating posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). In this article, we will explore the pathogenesis of convulsions following a concussion. We will look at multiple studies to explain the various structural, metabolic, and inflammatory changes leading to seizures. Additionally, we will explore the association between severity and location of injury and PTE. PTE's pathophysiology is not entirely implicit, and we are still in the dark as to which antiepileptic drugs will be useful in circumventing these attacks. The purpose of this narrative review is to explain the post-traumatic brain changes in detail so that such attacks can be either thwarted or treated more resourcefully in the future.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is an obligate intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium that causes a variety of infections in both humans and animals. It is the causative agent of one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Furthermore, Chlamydia infections have been epidemiologically linked to cervical cancer (CC) in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfection. However, a molecular mechanism linking Chlamydia to CC is yet to be established, and we still do not know if more aggressive diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia could possibly lead to lower incidences of CC and associated mortality. Since CC is a leading cause of death among women worldwide, and HPV infection alone is insufficient to cause cancer, our goal was to determine the link between Chlamydia, HPV, and CC. This literature review aimed to understand the pathologic model of CC and how Chlamydia might induce or promote carcinogenesis alone or alongside HPV. In addition, we compared multiple studies attempting to associate Chlamydial infection with CC in different populations and aimed to determine whether there is an epidemiological correlation or not.

Inflammation of the pericardium is referred to as pericarditis, which can cause sharp chest pain and has a high chance of recurrence even after treatment. This review will explore anakinra, which is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, as a potential new treatment for pericarditis. The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by searching PubMed and GoogleScholar from the years 2012 to 2022. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, thorough screening, and quality appraisal, a total of eleven studies were included in the review; eight case reports and three clinical trials. All studies showed that 100 mg/day of anakinra caused a remarkable improvement in patient outcomes. In addition, the pericarditis resolved quicker and had a lower chance of recurrence in comparison to conventional therapy.

Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in the geriatric age group, above 65 years. It is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and bad prognosis. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common condition present in this age group that significantly affects the cardiovascular system. Thus, this review attempts to elaborate on the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and heart failure in terms of their prevalence, pathogenesis, prognosis, and possible management in a geriatric age group. Among the various published literature on this topic on PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar, 36 relevant studies were selected to correlate this association. We found that both SCH and HF can be present concurrently in this age group. Especially in the geriatric population with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) higher than ten mIu/L, there is an increased incidence of heart failure and a worse prognosis with preexisting heart failure. However, randomized controlled trials will be needed to explore further whether treatment is warranted or not in this age group.