RESUMOA adolescência é acompanhada de mudanças cognitivas, emocionais, sociais e biológicas que ampliam as situações de risco ao desenvolvimento de disfunções psicossomáticas. Este estudo aferiu e classificou a composição corporal e a comparou à autopercepção corporal em adolescentes. Alunos do sétimo ao nono ano do ensino fundamental público no Distrito Federal, Brasil, responderam a questionários sóciodemográfico e de percepção corporal. Massa e estatura foram medidas e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi calculado para classificação da composição corporal. Dos 977 adolescentes, 79.1% apresentaram IMC eutrófico. Dos 473 meninos, 11.4% apresentaram excesso de peso e 4.7% baixo peso; 23.8% perceberam o corpo como menor do que realmente é e 25.5% tentaram ganhar massa corporal. Das 504 meninas, 11.9% apresentaram excesso de peso e 13.4% baixo peso; 24.1% perceberam o corpo como maior do que realmente é e 32.5% tentaram perder massa corporal. A composição corporal inadequada, prevalente em 20.9% dos adolescentes, pode trazer prejuízos ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e saúde. Estes problemas podem ser agravados pela elevada prevalência de autopercepção corporal distorcida e de atitudes para obter mudanças corporais. Recomenda-se a realização de intervenções educativas sobre composição, percepção e cultura corporal e saúde de forma integrada, com abordagens diferenciadas por sexo. Palavras-chave: imc, imagem corporal, sobrepeso, baixo peso, saúde ABSTRACT Adolescence is accompanied by cognitive, emotional, social and biological changes; situations that increase the risk for development of psychosomatic disorders. This study measured and classified body composition and compared it to body self-perception in adolescents. Students from the seventh to ninth grade in public primary education in Distrito Federal, Brazil, answered socio-demographic and body self-perception questionnaires. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for body composition classification. From the 977 adolescents, 79.1% presented eutrophic BMI. Of the 473 boys, 11.4% were overweight and 4.7% underweight, 23.8% perceived the body as smaller than it really is and 25.5% tried to gain body mass. Of the 504 girls, 11.9% were overweight and 13.4% underweight, 24.1% perceived the body as larger than it really is and 32.5% tried to lose body mass. Inadequate body composition, prevalent in 20.9% of adolescents, may harm growth, development and health. These problems may be aggravated by the high prevalence of distorted body self-perception and attitudes for bodily changes. It is recommended the implementation of educational interventions on body composition, perception and culture and health, with different approaches by gender.
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