Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, com o objetivo de analisar a produção científica referente às relações entre a dor e os princípios da bioética: autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça. Foram utilizados descritores controlados em três bases de dados internacionais (LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE), em abril de 2012, resultando em 14 publicações, distribuídas nas categorias Dor e autonomia, Dor e beneficência, Dor e não maleficência, Dor e justiça. O alívio adequado da dor é um direito humano e uma questão moral que se relaciona diretamente com a bioética principialista. Entretanto, muitos profissionais negligenciam a dor de seus pacientes, desconsiderando seu papel ético frente ao sofrimento.Concluiu-se que o principialismo tem sido negligenciado no atendimento aos pacientes com dor, evidenciando a necessidade de novas práticas para mudança desse panorama.
Painful diabetic neuropathy is characterized by intense pain. The objective was to conduct a literature review regarding the pharmacologic therapies used to relieve that pain. A literature search was conducted of six (6) data sources, in the last 12 years (1998 to 2010) using the keywords: diabetes, diabetes, painful neuropathy, neuropathic pain, treatment, and other similar terms. Thirteen articles were selected that addressed the use of acupuncture, reiki, photic stimulation, electromagnetic stimulation of neural electrical stimulation, laser therapy. The nonpharmacological therapies are being used to alleviate diabetic neuropathic pain, however, there is no consensus about the effectiveness of such treatment in reducing this pain. The knowledge base on the subject is scarce, especially in Brazil. Keywords: Diabetic neuropathies; Diabetes mellitus; Pain;Therapeutics RESUMOA neuropatia diabética dolorosa caracteriza-se pela dor de difícil controle. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a produção bibliográfica a respeito das terapias não farmacológicas utilizadas no alívio dessa dor. Pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio de seis (6) fontes de dados, nos últimos 12 anos (1998 a 2010), utilizando os descritores diabetes, diabetes mellitus, neuropatia dolorosa, dor neuropática, tratamento e similares. Foram selecionados 13 artigos, que abordaram o uso de acupuntura, reike, fotoestimulação, estimulação eletromagnética neural, estimulação elétrica, terapia a laser. As terapias não farmacológicas estão sendo utilizadas com o propósito de aliviar a dor neuropática diabética, no entanto, ainda não há consenso sobre a eficiência desse tipo de tratamento na redução dessa dor. A produção de conhecimento sobre a temática é escassa, especialmente, no Brasil. Descritores: Neuropatias diabéticas; Diabetes mellitus; Dor; Terapêutica RESUMENLa neuropatía diabética dolorosa se caracteriza por el dolor de difícil control. El objetivo del estudo fue analizar la producción bibliográfica respecto a las terapias no farmacológicas utilizadas en el alivio de ese dolor. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica, por medio de seis (6) fuentes de datos, en los últimos 12 años (1998 a 2010), utilizando los descriptores diabetes, diabetes mellitus, neuropatía dolorosa, dolor neuropático, tratamiento y similares. Fueron seleccionados 13 artículos, que abordaron el uso de acupuntura, reike, fotoestimulación, estimulación electromagnética neural, estimulación eléctrica, terapia con laser. Las terapias no farmacológicas están siendo utilizadas con el propósito de aliviar el dolor neuropático diabético, mientras tanto, aun no hay consenso sobre la eficiencia de ese tipo de tratamiento en la reducción de ese dolor. La producción de conocimiento sobre la temática es escasa, especialmente, en el Brasil.
doi: 10.5216/ree.v12i4.7024 A neuropatia diabética dolorosa (NDD) é conceituada como dor iniciada ou causada por lesão primária ou disfunção ou perturbação transitória no sistema nervoso periférico ou central. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a produção bibliográfica acerca da epidemiologia e do impacto da NDD na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Pesquisa bibliográfica de estudos indexados em cinco fontes de dados, utilizando-se os descritores diabetes, diabetes mellitus, neuropatia dolorosa, dor neuropática, qualidade de vida, SF-36, epidemiologia e similares em inglês e espanhol, no período de 1998 a 2010. Foram selecionadas 28 publicações. A prevalência de NDD variou de 26,4 a 65,3%; descrita como dor em "queimação", "formigamento", agulhada" e contínua", com intensidade variando de leve à intensa; capaz de gerar depressão em 35% dos casos e prejudicar principalmente a energia, capacidade de caminhar e o sono. A NDD é frequente entre as pessoas com diabetes mellitus e gera efeitos negativos na qualidade de vida dessa população. Descritores: Neuropatias Diabéticas; Dor; Epidemiologia; Qualidade de Vida.
BackgroundTransition care is the planned transfer of adolescents with chronic health conditions from children-centered to adult-oriented health systems. Its challenges include gaps in continuity of care, poor adherence, delays in adult services attendance, differences between pediatric and adult centers, difficulties in autonomy over care and unstable medical conditions. EULAR/PRES recently published recommendations, standards and quality indicators on transitional care for young people with rheumatic diseases, which serve as a guide for transitional outpatient clinics. In Brazil, few centers focus on transition from pediatric rheumatology. The Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Hospital Geral de Fortaleza is a reference in North and Northeast of the country, intending to be pioneer in transitional medicine in region.ObjectivesTo evaluate the adolescents and their families’ perception regarding follow-up and autonomy in health care, as well as to identify the main risks inherent to this age group.MethodsA longitudinal and descriptive study was carried out through interviews, questionnaires and medical records analyzes. Adolescents between 15 and 18 years old, regularly followed, who had at least three planned visits/year were included. Patients with cognitive impairment or without definite diagnosis were excluded. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected; self-management and health care utilization skills were evaluated by Transitional Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ), a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsEighty two patients were recruited into the transitional service (61 female [74.4%]). Patients’ ages ranged from 15.0 to 18.7 years (median 16.9). Regarding religion, 41 patients (54.7%) were Catholic and 27 were Protestant (36%). Concerning to ethnicity, most of them declared themselves brown (61%) or white (22%). Fifty-nine adolescents (72%) considered themselves able to take care of their own follow-up, whereas 39 relatives (50%) considered the patient capable of doing so. The most frequent diseases were juvenile idiopathic arthritis (31.7%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (29.3%), of which 37 (45.1%) were in remission. Median disease duration and follow-up were 48.5 (5 - 180) and 34.5 (1 - 175) months, respectively. The median TRAQ value was 3.27 (1.61 - 4.55). There were 191 transitional visits (median 2.0 visits/patient). Fifty three patients had 2 or more visits, out of which 42 (79.2%) had at least one risk identified. The most prevalent risks were: overweight or obesity (31.7%), sedentarism (26.4%), anxiety (22.6%), changes in family structure (22.6%), school problems (20.8%), depression (18.9%), suicidal ideation/self-mutilation (18.9%), low self-esteem (15.1%). Risks related to psychiatric diseases were identified in 23 patients (43.4%).ConclusionThis is one of the first studies on transition care in Brazil focused on risks identification in adolescence. Transition care allows improvement survival and quality of life due to advances in preventive medicine and treatment of chronic rheu...
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