Bacteria in the genus Bacillus are the source of several enzymes of current industrial interest. Hydrolases, such as amylases, proteases, and lipases, are the main enzymes consumed worldwide and have applications in a wide range of products and industrial processes. Fermentation processes by Bacillus subtilis using cassava wastewater as a substrate are reported in the technical literature; however, the same combination of microorganisms and this culture medium is limited or nonexistent. In this paper, the amylase, protease, and lipase production of ten Bacillus subtilis strains previously identified as biosurfactant producers in cassava wastewater was evaluated. The LB1a and LB5a strains were selected for analysis using a synthetic medium and cassava wastewater and were identified as good enzyme producers, especially of amylases and proteases. In addition, the enzymatic activity results indicate that cassava wastewater was better than the synthetic medium for the induction of these enzymes.

Oligossacarídeos e seus derivados são biomoléculas, que têm uma escala de funções importantes nos sistemas biológicos. Eles são bifidogênicos e também ajudam na: i) redução do nível de colesterol sérico; ii) síntese de vitaminas do complexo B; e iii) ajuda na absorção do cálcio da dieta (GAUR et al., 2006).Os galactooligossacarídeos (GOS) são um grupo de oligossacarídeos compostos por moléculas de galactose ligada à lactose, sendo formados de tri a hexassacarídeos com 2-5 unidades de galactose (SAKO; MATSUMOTO;TANAKA, 1999). Os GOS são carboidratos não digeríveis resistentes às enzimas digestivas e fermentados por bifidobactérias. Os benefícios da ingestão de GOS são o aumento da população de bifidobactérias no cólon e, por efeito antagônico, supressão da atividade de bactérias putrefativas, reduzindo a formação de metabólitos tóxicos (TOMOMATSU, 1994), e produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (ISHIKAWA et al., 2005).A importância industrial da β-galactosidase está em sua aplicação na indústria de laticínios. Esta enzima hidrolisa a lactose, carboidrato característico do leite e conhecido popularmente como "açúcar do leite", em seus monossacarídeos glicose e galactose, obtendo assim, alimentos com baixos teores de lactose, melhorando a solubilidade e digestibilidade do leite e derivados lácteos, ideais para consumidores intolerantes à lactose (SANTIAGO et al., 2004).Recentemente, um dos desenvolvimentos mais significativos na ciência é o de alimentos funcionais, relacionados ao desenvolvimento dos suplementos dietéticos que afetam beneficamente a composição microbiota do intestino. (CHOCKCHAISAWASDEE et al., 2005).Sabe-se que diversas leveduras e fungos basidiomicetos têm potente atividade de transgalactosilação e eficiente produção de GOS por Sporobolomyces singularis (CRITTENDEN; AbstractThe galactooligosaccharides (GOS), a group of oligosaccharides, are not digerible carbohydrates (NDOs) and are resistant to hydrolysis by intestine digestive enzymes with similar dietary fiber physiological effect. The benefits of galactooligosaccharides ingestion arise from a population of bifidobacteria in the colon that suppress the activity of putrefactive bacteria and reduce the formation of toxic fermentation products. Scopulariopsis strains showed good productivity of β-galactosidase when grown in a semi-solid fermentation medium. The aim of this work was to extract the β-galactosidase from Scopulariopsis sp. and to evaluate the temperature conditions, reaction time, lactose, and enzyme concentration to improve the GOS production. Temperatures of 35, 45, and 60 °C, reaction time at 12, 24 and 48 hours, enzyme concentrations from 0.5 to 10 U.mL -1 , and 10, 25, and 40%(w/v) of lactose solution (0,1 M of acetate buffer, pH 5.0) were analyzed. The optimum conditions were 40% (w/v), at 45 °C, 10 U.mL -1 of enzyme and the optimum time was 12 hours of reaction. Under these conditions, the enzyme converted 20% of lactose into oligosaccharide (80.8 mg.mL -1 de 4'galactosyl-lactose). Keywords: functional foods; prebiotic; β-g...

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The market price of glycerol worldwide tends to decrease, since it is a by-product of biodiesel production. Thus its biotechnological use might lead to significant reduction in the cost of fermentations. The aim of this study was to compare the production of surfactin in peptone culture media supplemented with analytical grade glycerol (AGG) and concentrated glycerol from biodiesel production (CGBP). Differences were observed between the two processes including cell growth and dissolved oxygen consumption. Surfactin yield was 325.19 mg/L with AGG and 71.13 mg/L with CGBP, which proves the impact and importance of the purity of glycerol on the yield of surfactin. In addition, five surfactin homologous were identified by ESI-Q-TOFMS, which were composed by two amino acid sequences ELLMDLD and ELLLDLL. Therefore, as surfactin is a high value-added product, the use of glycerol with high purity is fundamental to achieve higher productivity.