The properties of oil-resin of copaiba, Copaifera multijuga are commonly mentioned in the literature, but there are few studies on extracts from its stem bark. We evaluated the antioxidant effects of ethanolic (EE) and ethyl acetate (EA) crude stem bark extracts from copaiba and compared them to rutin in a paracetamol (PCM)-induced oxidative stress model in mice. All test comparisons differed significantly. Hepatic catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity decreased in the PCM group, and there was an increase of protein carbonyls in the liver, kidney and brain. However, the protein carbonyls decreased in the liver for the PCM + EE group, in the kidneys for the PCM + EA and PCM + Rutin groups, and in the brain for all treatments. Hepatic GSH decreased in the PCM group and increased in the PCM + EE group. The extracts showed a positive effect on ascorbic acid (ASA), since they were able to restore the levels of parameters that had been changed by PCM. There was an increase of ALT and AST activity in the plasma within the PCM group. Even though ALT decreased in the PCM + Rutin, PCM + EE and PCM + EA groups, EE and EA did not have an effect on AST. The strongest antioxidant effect was observed for EE, due to the presence of the phenolic compounds epicatechin and epiafzelechin, as well as the highest concentration of total phenols and an excellent antioxidant potential observed in the DPPH· test.

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Copaifera multijuga, commonly known as copaiba, is popularly used in the form of tea for various conditions due to the presence of antioxidant substances in its composition, which protect cells against damage caused by free radicals. Its oleoresin is also used as an anti-inflammatory and antitumoral agent. The present study investigated the antioxidant effect of the ethanolic extract of copaiba stem bark on Swiss mice inoculated with solid Ehrlich tumors. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1x106 Ehrlich’s tumor cells and treated via gavage with ethanolic extract of copaiba for thirty days, with doses varying between 100 and 200 mg kg-1. Biochemical analyses of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)], non-enzymatic antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA)], substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and protein carbonylation (carbonyl) in different tissues were significantly affected. The extract administered at 200 mg kg-1 presented higher antioxidant capacity in the liver, increased CAT, GST, GSH and decreased TBARS, as well as increased CAT activity and protein carbonylation in brain tissue. The results showed that the copaiba extract was able to reverse the oxidative stress caused by solid Ehrlich tumor, probably due to the presence of antioxidant compounds, and had potential antineoplasic effect after a 30-day treatment.

A jabuticaba (Myrciaria ssp) é bem conhecida por possuir em sua casca compostos fenólicos com alta atividade antioxidante. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar efeitos antioxidantes em fígado e cérebro e antimutagênicos na medula óssea de camundongos Swiss machos com o extrato aquoso de jabuticaba (MYR) e como agente indutor de danos mutagênicos a ciclofosfamida (CPA). Foram analisados 4 grupos (N = 6): Controle (C), CPA (25 mg.kg-1), Extrato aquoso de jabuticaba + CPA (MYR + CPA) e Extrato aquoso de jabuticaba (MYR). Através do teste do micronúcleo em células de medula óssea avaliou-se a frequência de micronúcleos em eritrócitos policromáticos para a atividade antimutagênica/mutagênica. Os parâmetros bioquímicos avaliados foram: Superóxido dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutationa-S-transferase (GST), Glutationa reduzida (GSH), Ácido Ascórbico (VIT C) e Carbonil. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o extrato aquoso da jabuticaba não teve efeito antimutagênico, bem como mutagênico. A Vit C aumentou no tecido hepático no grupo MYR quando comparada ao grupo MYR + CPA. Conclui-se que, nas condições experimentais utilizadas, o extrato da jabuticaba não apresentou potencial protetor aos danos induzidos pela CPA, nem modificou de forma relevante os parâmetros do estresse oxidativo nos animais tratados com MYR. Palavras-chave: ciclofosfamida; estresse oxidativo; Myrciaria ssp; teste de micronúcleos.   Analysis of jabuticaba aqueous extract against redox status and mutageness in mice   ABSTRACT: Jabuticaba (Myrciaria ssp) is well known for having in its bark phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate antioxidant effects in the liver and brain and antimutagenic effects in the bone marrow of male Swiss mice with the aqueous extract of jabuticaba (MYR) and as a mutagenic damage-inducing agent to cyclophosphamide (CPA). Four groups were analyzed (N = 6): Control (C), CPA (25 mg.kg-1), Aqueous jabuticaba extract + CPA (MYR + CPA) and Aqueous jabuticaba extract (MYR). Through the micronucleus test in bone marrow cells, the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes was evaluated for antimutagenic/mutagenic activity. The biochemical parameters evaluated were: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Ascorbic Acid (VIT C) and Carbonyl. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract of jabuticaba did not have an antimutagenic or mutagenic effect. Vit C increased in liver tissue in the MYR group when compared to the MYR + CPA group. It is concluded that, under the experimental conditions used, the jabuticaba extract did not show protective potential against damage induced by CPA, nor did it significantly modify the parameters of oxidative stress in animals treated with MYR. Keywords: cyclophosphamide; oxidative stress; Myrciaria ssp; micronucleus test.

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