Background The advent of vaccination against COVID-19 brought great expectations for the control of the pandemic. As novel vaccines, much of the associated side effects were unknown. Currently, an increasing number of reports from side effects of COVID-19 vaccines have been published, namely on cutaneous reactions. These are of utmost importance to increase our knowledge about possible undesirable effects and its prevention. Methods We describe a series of 3 cases who presented with varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation following the first dose of 3 different COVID-19 vaccines. Results Three patients sought their Family Doctor after developing typical lesions of VZV reactivation, following a period of 3–13 days after COVID-19 vaccination. None was under immunosuppressive therapy. The 3 patients recovered in a few weeks and the subsequent doses of the vaccines were administered, without recurrence of the symptoms. Conclusions These cases highlight the possibility of VZV reactivation after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccines. Family Doctors should be aware of this event and play an important role informing and reassuring local communities for this possible vaccine reaction.
Introduction/framework/objectives Psittacosis is a rare entity caused by Chlamydophila psittaci. This bacterium is transmitted through contact with contaminated birds, namely psittaciformes, which include parrots, macaws and parakeets, as pigeons and chickens. The objective of this work is to highlight the pathology and the role of Occupational Health in it. Methodology A bibliographic search was carried out on original articles published in Portuguese and English, in June 2022, in the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, using the keywords “Psittacosis”, “Occupational exposure” and “Occupational health”. Three articles were also included, not covered by the research, relevant to the work, for reporting the Portuguese reality. Contents Outbreaks can occur in workers with occupations that involve contact with live birds or carcasses, such as veterinarians, breeders, or pet store workers. However, it is difficult to establish the precise incidence and prevalence of psittacosis, probably due to the lack of routine screening. Transmission occurs mainly by aerosols, inhalation of urine, feces or other contaminated particles; transmission between humans, although possible, is rare. The incubation period ranges from five to 14 days, but may extend to weeks in cases of subacute or latent infection. It has a clinical presentation like a flu-like syndrome and can cause disseminated and even potentially fatal disease. The most frequent findings on chest radiography are segmental or lobar consolidation, especially in the lower lobes. It can occasionally cause marked leukocytosis, c-reactive protein (CRP) is often elevated, and liver enzymes change in approximately half of hospitalized patients, with elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and low serum albumin levels. Tetracyclines are the drug of choice for treatment. Discussion and Conclusions Although the number of cases is apparently small, the impact of the disease is most likely underestimated. Thus, it is necessary to increase the awareness of this pathology both for Occupational Health professionals and for employers and workers themselves. On the other hand, an approach is needed that encompasses collaboration between human and animal health agencies, laboratories and medical and veterinary professionals, for timely surveillance, reporting and treatment. Thus, anamnesis and early recognition of the epidemiological context are extremely important, with a view to diagnosing and instituting appropriate therapy. In addition, occupational risk factors and exposure control among workers should be considered to prevent transmission in the workplace. KEYWORDS: psittacosis, occupational exposure, occupational health.
A pandemia COVID-19, doença respiratória causada pelo gênero coronavírus, levantou questões quanto à classificação de risco de mulheres gestantes e puérperas. Apesar da grande maioria do grupo se manter assintomática ou com sintomas clássicos da doença (tosse, febre, coriza), a infecção está relacionada ao aumento de eventos adversos da gravidez, como pré-eclâmpsia e ruptura prematura de placenta, além de aumentar as chances de uma morte fetal-intrauterina. Tal problemática reflete-se nos neonatos, os quais podem ser afetados pela contaminação materna, seja pelas maiores chances de prematuridade ou pelo risco de também serem infectados. Sendo assim, objetiva-se por meio deste estudo avaliar na literatura quais as principais consequências registradas do COVID-19 em recém-nascidos de mães infectadas pelo vírus. Para isso, buscou-se pelos descritores nas plataformas Google Scholar, LILACS, PubMED e SciELO, encontrando-se um total de 18736 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, restaram 117 artigos para serem analisados, dos quais 26 compõem a amostra atual. A transmissão vertical ainda é pouco relatada, sendo que as manifestações gestacionais mais comuns formam pré-eclâmpsia, sofrimento fetal e parto prematuro. Já em relação aos neonatos, a maioria, quando infectada, não apresenta sintomatologia da doença. Dessa forma, conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos para a confirmação da gravidade do COVID-19 em recém-nascidos de mães positivas, de forma melhorar o entendimento quanto às necessidades e aos cuidados desse grupo.
Introdução: Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar os artigos científicos publicados acerca da interação fármaco -alimento. Revisão: Para o direcionamento desta pesquisa, foram selecionados os artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2021, disponibilizados em bancos de dados como PubMed, SciELO, periódicos da CAPES e Google Scholar. Para a seleção dos artigos, foi usado como critério as apresentações que demonstravam os mecanismos das interações fármacos -alimento de maneira mais sucinta ou que detinham um grupo de estudo específico. Para tal feito, foi efetuada a leitura de 97 resumos de artigos, 55 artigos lidos por completo e selecionados 20 desses para embasar essa revisão. Discussão: Sendo assim, pode-se extrair dessa revisão a grande importância de deter o conhecimento dessas interações, visto que foi averiguada na totalidade das publicações lidas a recorrência dessas interações e o quanto pode ser maléfica para o paciente caso diminua a efetividade do tratamento. Considerações finais: Dessa forma, ao conhecer as principais interações medicamentosas é possível direcionar o paciente a uma terapêutica eficiente, sem conter relação fármaco-nutriente prejudicial, e, consequentemente, aumentar a efetividade do tratamento e reduzir eventuais danos colaterais.
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