The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma education programme in moderate and severe asthma patients in a longitudinal, prospective and randomized study with a control group. Fifty-three asthmatic patients were studied, 26 of whom were assigned to the educational group and 27 to the control group.The educational group attended the programme regularly for a period of 6 months. The programme included information about asthma, instruction on the appropriate use of medication and training in the metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique, and information about the identification and control of asthma attacks and the recognition of early signs of exacerbation. The control group was submitted to the routine care provided at the Asthma Clinic, with no formal instruction regarding asthma control. The groups were identical with regard to severity parameters, skills, lung function and quality of life at the beginning of the trial.At the end of the study, the education group showed significant differences when compared with the control group (education/control (mean values)) with respect to: visits to the asthma emergency room over the previous 6 months, 0.7/2 (p=0.03); nocturnal symptoms, 0.3/0.7 (p=0.04); score of symptoms, 1.3/2 (p=0.04). Improvements were also observed in skills and quality of life, knowledge of how to deal with attacks and how to control the environmental triggering factors, 73/35 (<0.05); correct use of the MDI, 8/4 (0.001); understanding of the difference between relief and antiinflammatory medication, 86/20 (<0.05); and in the global limitation quality of life score, 28/50 (0.02).It is concluded that the educational programme led to a significant improvement in asthma morbidity and that the implantation of educational programmes is possible for special populations when these programmes are adapted to the socioeconomic profile of the patients, with a significant gain in terms of the reduction of symptoms and improved pulmonary function and quality of life of asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 908±914.
were methicillin-sensitive and 23 were methicillin-resistant. Complications related to BSI included 35 cases of septicemia and 27 cases of endocarditis, of which 15 cases progressed to death. The incidence of BSI among these patients was shown to be very high, and this BSI progressed rapidly to the condition of severe infection with a high mortality rate. Incidencia de infección de la corriente sanguínea em los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis por catéter venoso centralEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de infección resistentes. Entre las complicaciones relacionadas a la ICS, hubo 35 casos de septicemia y 27 casos de endocarditis, de los cuales 15 resultaron en muerte. La incidencia de ICS en este grupo de pacientes se mostró bastante elevada así como su progresión para cuadros infecciosos de gran magnitud y de muerte.
RESUMOObjetivos: identificar a co-morbidade e causas de mortalidade dos pacientes em início de diálise e analisar se as variáveis pessoais, a comorbidade, os resultados laboratoriais, o número de dias de internação e número de sessões de diálise são fatores de risco para mortalidade. Métodos: foram incluídos no estudo 102 pacientes que iniciaram tratamento dialítico em um hospital universitário. Foi realizado um registro prospectivo de dados pessoais, laboratoriais, de morbidade e mortalidade. Resultados: a hipertensão e as infecções foram as principais causas de co-morbidade (58,8%). O sítio mais freqüente de infecção foi a corrente sangüínea em 30 (50%). Conclusão: a maioria dos pacientes que chegaram ao Serviço estava em urgência dialítica, o sítio de infecção mais freqüente foi a corrente sangüínea relacionado ao uso do cateter venoso central, o sexo masculino, a raça branca, a uremia e as morbidades hipertensão arterial e infecção, foram as que mais contribuíram para o aumento do risco de mortalidade. Descritores: Insuficiência renal crônica/mortalidade; Diálise renal; Mortalidade ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify to the co-morbity and causes of mortality of the patients in beginning of dialysis and to analyze if the personal variables, the co-morbity, the laboratory results, the number of days of internment and number of dialysis sessions are factors of risk for mortality. Methods: was included in this study 102 patients who had initiated dialysis treatment in a university hospital. The prospective record was realized to collect personals data, laboratory data, morbity and mortality. Results: the arterial hypertension and the infection was more frequent causes of co-morbity (58,8%). The infection locality more frequent was the blood circulation in 30 (50%).Conclusion: the majority of the patients who had arrived at the service was in dialysis urgency; the morbity most prevalent was the arterial hypertension and the infection; the infection locality more frequent was the blood circulation related to the use of the central venous catheter; and that the male sex, the white race, the uremia, and the morbity arterial hypertension and infection, had been the ones that more contributed for the increase of the mortality risk. Descriptors: Renal insufficiency, chronic/mortality ; Renal dialysis; Morbidity RESUMENObjetivos: identificar el co-morbidad y las causas de la mortalidad de los pacientes en el principio de la diálisis y analizar si resultan las variables personales, el co-morbidad, los dados laboratoriais, del número de días de la internación y del número de las sesiones de la diálisis son factores del riesgo para la mortalidad. Métodos: fueron incluido 102 pacientes en el estudio que habían iniciado el tratamiento de la diálisis en un hospital de la universidad. Fue realizado uno registro de los dados personales, laboratoriais, de la morbidad y de la mortalidad. Resultados: la hipertensión arterial y las infecciónes eram las más frecuente causas de la co-morbidad (58,8%). El local de la infección más frecue...
Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) patients when submitted to dialysis and non-dialysis treatments in ICU. Methods: this prospective study included patients over 18 years of age and serum creatinine of >1.5 mg/dl. The patients were included in dialysis and non-dialysis groups. Results: The study included 70 patients, 19 (27.1%) comprised the dialysis group and 51 (72.9%) the non-dialysis group. In the dialysis group, mortality rate was 42.1% and in the non-dialysis group was 33.3% (p<0.58). Conclusion: There were multifactors of ARF in ICU, but ARF is not the single cause for the high mortality rate in ICU patients. Keywords: Renal insufficiency, acute/therapy; Renal insufficiency, acute/epidemiology; Intensive care units; Nursing RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar a evolução clínica de pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) submetidos a tratamento dialítico e não-dialítico na UTI. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo onde foram incluídos pacientes com idade maior que 18 anos e com creatinina sérica > 1,5 mg/dl. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo dialítico e não-dialítico. Resultados: Dos 70 pacientes incluídos 19 (27,1%) foram do grupo dialítico e 51 (72,9%) do grupo não-dialítico. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 42,1% no grupo dialítico e de 33,3% no grupo não-dialítico (p<0,58). Conclusão: Há multifatores determinando a IRA na UTI, porém, não é causa isolada das elevadas taxas de mortalidade dos pacientes na UTI. Descritores: Insuficiência renal aguda/terapia; Insuficiência renal aguda /epidemiologia; Unidades de terapia intensiva; Enfermagem RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la evolución clínica de pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) sometidos a tratamiento dialítico y no-dialítico en la UCI. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo donde fueron incluídos pacientes mayores de 18 años y con creatinina sérica > 1,5 mg/ dl. Los pacientes fueron divididos en grupo dialítico y no-dialítico. Resultados: De los 70 pacientes incluídos 19 (27,1%) fueron del grupo dialítico y 51 (72,9%) del grupo no-dialítico. La tasa de mortalidad fue del 42,1% en el grupo dialítico y del 33,3% en el grupo no-dialítico (p<0,58). Conclusion: Hay multifactores que determinan la IRA en la UCI, sin embargo, no es causa aislada de las elevadas tasas de mortalidad de los pacientes en la UCI.
Objective: Verify the correlation of the improvement of the degree of dyspnea by BME with improved pulmonary performance verified by Expiratory Flow Peak (EFP) and Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (PO 2 S). Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional study with 124 patients during an asthma crisis, who received care at a Pneumology emergency service. Heart rate, respiratory frequency EFP, PO 2 S were evaluated before and after treatment of asthma crisis, and they were questioned about their perception of dyspnea by BME. Results: In the pretreatment stage, high scale values were related to low EFP values, inverting this relation after treatment. There was also a slight correlation between EFP, PO 2 S and the perception of dyspnea measured by the patient through BME. Conclusion: The scale does not replace other clinical parameters, and can be used as an additional tool, provided that the patient is correctly informed about the scale values. Keywords: Dyspnea; Asthma; Scales RESUMOObjetivo: Verificar a correlação da melhora do grau de dispnéia pela EMB com a melhora da função pulmonar verificada pelo Pico de Fluxo Expiratório (PFE) e Saturação Periférica de Oxigênio (spO 2 ).Métodos: Estudo analítico e transversal com 124 pacientes em crise asmática atendidos em um Pronto-Atendimento em Pneumologia. Foram avaliados antes e após o tratamento da crise asmática: frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, PFE, SpO 2 e questionados sobre sua percepção da dispnéia pela EMB. Resultados: Na fase pré-tratamento, valores altos da escala estavam relacionados a valores baixos de PFE, invertendo esta relação no pós-tratamento. Houve também uma fraca correlação entre o PFE, SpO 2, e a percepção da dispnéia mensurada pelo paciente através da EMB. Conclusão: A escala não substitui outros parâmetros clínicos, podendo ser utilizada como uma ferramenta adicional, desde que o paciente seja corretamente informado sobre os valores da escala. Descritores: Dispnéia; Asma; Escalas RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la correlación de la mejoría del grado de disnea por medio de la EMB con la mejora de la función pulmonar verificada por el Pico de Flujo Expiratorio (PFE) y Saturación Periférica de Oxígeno (spO 2 ).Métodos: Estudio analítico y transversal realizado con 124 pacientes en crisis asmática atendidos en un Servicio de emergencia de neumología. Fueron evaluados antes y después del tratamiento de la crisis asmática: frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria, PFE, SpO 2 e interrogados sobre su percepción de la disnea por medio de la EMB. Resultados: En la fase de pre-tratamiento, los valores altos de la escala estaban relacionados a los valores bajos de PFE, invirtiéndose esta relación en el post-tratamiento. Hubo también una débil correlación entre el PFE, SpO 2, y la percepción de la disnea mensurada por el paciente a través de la EMB. Conclusión: La escala no sustituye otros parámetros clínicos, pudiendo ser utilizada como una herramienta adicional, siempre y cuando el paciente sea correctamente informado sobre los valores de la escala.
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