Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive-aged women and the main cause of infertility due to anovulation. However, this syndrome spans the lives of women affecting them from in-utero life until death, leading to several health risks that can impair quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality rates. Fetal programming may represent the beginning of the condition characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance which leads to a series of medical consequences in adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Menstrual and fertility problems evolve into metabolic complications as age advances. An early and precise diagnosis is important for an adequate management of PCOS, especially at the extreme ends of the reproductive lifespan. However, many different phenotypes are included under the same condition, being important to look at these different phenotypes separately, as they may require different treatments and have different consequences. In this way, PCOS exhibits a great metabolic complexity and its diagnosis needs to be revised once again and adapted to recent data obtained by new technologies. According to the current medical literature, lifestyle therapy constitutes the first step in the management, especially when excess body weight is associated. Pharmacotherapy is frequently used to treat the most predominant manifestations in each age group, such as irregular menses and hirsutism in adolescence, fertility problems in adulthood, and metabolic problems and risk of cancer in old age. Close surveillance is mandatory in each stage of life to avoid health risks which may also affect the offspring, since fetal and post-natal complications seem to be increased in PCOS women.

The endometrium is one of a number of factors involved in achieving optimal outcomes after assisted reproductive treatment. Owing to its "passive" growth following adequate ovarian stimulation, it has received virtually no attention. Only when either endometrial thickness or ultrasonographic pattern seem inadequate have different strategies been assessed to try to improve it, especially in those cases where it seems difficult or impossible to make it grow. The objective of this review is to summarize the different strategies that have been investigated in patients with inadequate endometrium, to attempt to provide solid evidence of therapies that may be beneficial and to move away from empirism. A review of the existing literature was performed by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Web of Science for publications in English related to refractory endometrium. Most current treatments are based on anecdotal cases and not on solid data, although worldwide many doctors and patients use them. In conclusion, this review found that it is not easy to provide a pragmatic, evidence-based approach to help physicians and patients confused by the available data on how to improve a poor endometrium. Honest balanced information provided to our patients is the best that we can do.

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El ejercicio físico aunado a la nutrición adecuada ha demostrado contribuir en el rendimiento físico durante la práctica deportiva. El ejercicio físico planificado y dosificado a intensidades adecuadas durante el embarazo genera múltiples beneficios a la gestante y feto al mejorar el estilo de vida, minimiza los riesgos a la gestante, mejora aspectos psicológicos y sociológicos. Objetivo: analizar estudios científicos que describan efectos y consecuencias en parámetrosantropométricos y cardiovasculares que se adquieren con la práctica del ejercicio físico en mujeres embarazadas. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y de revisión sistemática de artículos científicos, libros y capítulos de libros publicados en diversas bases de datos y centraban variables de investigación en mujeres que realizan ejercicio físico en las diversas etapas de gestación. El presente trabajo recopiló información científica publicada en los últimosdiez años y que estaba relacionada con variables de ejercicio físico en embarazo, contraindicaciones y beneficios que ocasionan a la gestante y feto. Resultados: en la información analizada se recomienda ejercicio físico durante el embarazo a intensidades submáximas, principalmente con predominio aeróbico o a intensidades entre el 60 y 70% del consumo máximo de oxígeno. Entre las actividades más recomendadas se encuentran nadar, ejercicios de yoga, caminatas y bailes. Conclusiones: el ejercicio físico personalizado y supervisado por profesionales en el área deportiva repercute favorablemente aspectos cardiovasculares y antropométricos en la gestante y el feto, además contribuye a reducir riesgos de hipertensión, diabetes, obesidad y preeclampsia.