ABSTRACT. Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is found in areas of coastal tablelands in the Brazilian Northeast and Cerrado regions. This species has been subjected to habitat fragmentation that is mainly due to human activity, and requires conservation strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze the structure and inter-and intrapopulation genetic diversity of natural populations of H. speciosa Gomes using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. A total of 155 individuals were sampled in 10 natural populations (ITA, PAC, IND, EST, BC, PIR, JAP, BG, NEO, and SANT) in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Fifteen primers were used to generate 162 fragments with 100% polymorphism. Genetic analysis showed that the variability between populations (77%) was higher than within populations (23%). It was possible to identify five different groups by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal coordinate analysis, and only one individual (E10) remained isolated. Using ISSR markers it was possible to obtain a molecular profile of the populations evaluated, showing that these markers were effective and exhibited sufficient polymorphism to estimate the genetic variability of natural populations of H. speciosa Gomes.

ABSTRACT. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of remnants of mangaba populations in states of northeastern Brazil by applying 9 microsatellite markers previously developed to establish conservation strategies for germplasm and species preservation. Six to 20 individuals per population were analyzed, with a total of 94 individuals and 6 populations from the states of Ceará, Pernambuco, and Sergipe, Brazil. The intra-population positive fixation index (f) in all populations indicated inbreeding resulting from the lack of random mating. The mean genetic diversity index values G ST , F ST , and R ST estimated for divergence among the 6 populations were 0.14 (P < 0.05), revealing moderate genetic differentiation. The smallest F ST value (P ≥ 0.05) was observed between the Jacarecoara and Tapera populations (0.005) and the highest between the Barra dos Coqueiros and Jacarecoara populations (0.287). The Jacarecoara population was the most divergent among the populations analyzed. According to analysis of molecular variance results, the largest variation percentage resulted from variability within populations (83.18%). Bayesian clustering analysis showed the formation of 2 sets (K = 2). Our results are important for developing strategies for in situ conservation of the species, seed collection, and ex situ conservation. For both methods, conservation of the greatest possible genetic variability of the species is essential.

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp, Poaceae) is native to Southeast Asia, and due to growing demand as raw material, its cultivation recently expanded to new frontiers. The genetic diversity analysis is essential for targeting strategies in the formation and maintenance of a germplasm. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 26 accessions of sugarcane from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Sixteen primers were used, resulting in 87 fragments with 91.13% of polymorphism. The similarity of the individuals ranged between 0.22 and 0.87. Individuals RB867515 and RB92579 were closer genetically, and the most distant ones were PI240785 and NSL 291970. Four distinct clusters were formed, using UPGMA. This information can be used to prioritize the selection of accessions for the conduction of hybridization in breeding and germplasm exchange actions.

ABSTRACT. Banana (Musa spp) is a fruit species frequently cultivated and consumed worldwide. Molecular markers are important for estimating genetic diversity in germplasm and between genotypes in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of 21 banana genotypes (FHIA 23, Maçã,

The mangaba, Hancornia speciosa, (Apocynaceae) is a fruit tree native to Brazil with predominantly extractivist production. The fruit can be consumed in natura; however, it is widely consumed as frozen pulp and ice cream produced by agroindustry companies. We evaluated the genetic diversity of 213 individuals that make up the mangaba GeneBank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, using nine microsatellite markers (SSR). A total of 147 alleles were identified, with a mean of 16 alleles per locus; 100% polymorphism was observed among accessions. Reliability of the result was verified based on stress (0.042) and correlation (0.988) values. The alleles presented a high frequency of heterozygosity (He > Ho). The F st (0.22) and f (0.07) values indicated moderate population structure, with great diversity within accessions. Bayesian analysis indicated the most adequate grouping with k = 2. The Unweighted Pair Group Method analysis showed three distinct groups according to similarity. The BI accession had the best genetic structure. The PM5/GX2, CN1/CN9, G18/PA1, JA14/JA15, and OI8/OI9 pairs of individuals are the closest genetically. We conclude ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (1): gmr18108 A.V.C. Silva et al. 2 that the Mangaba GeneBank has high diversity; this knowledge is relevant to develop strategies for the management of these genetic resources.