Brain ischemia pathophysiology involves a complex cascade of events such as inflammation and oxidative stress that lead to neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. (−)‐α‐Bisabolol is a sesquiterpene alcohol obtained from plants such as Vanillosmopsis erythropappa and Matricaria chamomilla, with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of (−)‐α‐Bisabolol (α‐Bis) on neuronal damage and memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice were submitted to MCAO and were treated with α‐Bis (50, 100, and 200mg/kg, orally), 3 hours after MCAO and during 4 days. The parameters studied were: infarcted area, memory deficits, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and immunoreactivity for cytochrome C, NF‐κB, and superoxide dismutase (SOD‐2). α‐Bis treatment reduced significantly cerebral infarction, neurological and aversive memory deficits, decreased MPO, and cytochrome c, NF‐κB and SOD‐2 immunoreactivity when compared with MCAO group. Taken together, our study demonstrated neuroprotective effect of (−)‐α‐Bisabolol against ischemia‐induced cerebral injury in mice. We propose that the neuroprotection offered by (−)‐α‐Bisabolol can be attributed, at least in part, to its anti‐inflammatory activity.Support or Funding InformationFUNCAP, UFCThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.