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Blast loads have been increasingly studied in the past decades, especially regarding civil structures. Until recently, the negative phase of these loads has been disregarded, but studies concluded that the effect of suction must be included. In the case of plates, nonlinearity plays an important role, and the membrane effect should also be considered. This work focuses on the influence of nonlinearity in plates subjected to blast loads. Equations were developed for the calculation of blast load parameters, considering that positive and negative phases are approximated by the Friedlander equation and cubic polynomial, respectively. The plate is modeled as a SDOF system using von Karman's theory of large displacements. The development of the nonlinear dynamic differential equation is reviewed, considering a simply supported plate, and its solution is based on fourth order Runge-Kutta numerical method. A reference example is used as a benchmark and then parametric studies are conducted, in which the influence of scaled distance, mass of explosive, and the consideration or not of the negative phase is analyzed.

Studies of catchment and rainwater storage systems in buildings are critical historical data analysis of amount of precipitated rainwater to ensure multiple uses more reliable, especially due to the seasonality of precipitation events. This article aims to quantify the number of consecutive days without rain or consecutive dry days for each rainfall region of the city of Rio de Janeiro for a return period of 10 years. The methodology consists of the historical series analysis of 19 years of rainfall data from 33 automatic rainfall stations monitored by System Alert River of Rio de Janeiro City [1], with evaluation of frequency and preparation of map of extreme drought events. The method of consecutive days dry calculation by rainfall zone assists in determining areas most susceptible to extreme dry events, so it facilitates in determining the storage volume for rainwater for nonpotable use purposes [2]. The results show seasonal variations throughout the city, although in neighboring areas rainfall caused mainly by orographic rainfall. Thus, one can conclude that it is of fundamental importance to the study of consecutive dry days to determine rainwater storage volumes in periods of drought, on scales that are regionally representative.