Objectives: The aim of this systematic literature review is to study the enabling and hindering factors influencing adherence to asthma treatment among adolescents. Furthermore, it explores the role of caregivers and the healthcare provider in terms of supporting adolescents to manage and live with asthma. Data sources: The literature review was conducted using the MeSH terms asthma, adherence, health literacy, behavior, adolescents, tools, healthcare provider, caregiver, peer influence, self-management, quality of life, morbidity and mortality in PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE and CINAHL. Study selection: The literature search resulted in 652 articles of which 304 were screened based on title and abstracts. Ninety-one of the screened articles were then selected for full-text assessment resulting in 42 articles for in-depth analysis. Results: The literature review identified nine enabling and hindering factors relevant for adherence to asthma treatment among adolescents: behavior, belief, self-management, health literacy, role of health provider, assessment of adherence, role of caregiver, role of peers and the national asthma guidelines. Conclusion: Working with this particular age group is complex and further research in understanding adolescent's behavior, motives, beliefs and perceptions towards adherence to asthma treatment is required to guide them towards better self-management and acceptance of their condition.

Abstract:The study was conducted on Bergobindapur baor at Chaugachha upazila under Jessore district. The study period was February to June, 2015. Data were collected by using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools and personal observation. Net return was loss in 2013-2014 and the loss amount was BDT 254200. Cost benefitratio in 2013-2014 was 0.99. Major income (83.30%) of the fishermen community was drawn from the fishery activities of Bergobindapur baor. In 2014-2015, average income of fishermen was BDT 25250 during the fishing period. Within the household of fishermen community, the expenditure for food was 19%, clothing, 3%, children's education, 19%, medical, 3%, dowry and religion, 33%, agriculture, 13% and others, such as business, accommodation, sanitation etc. 10%, which came from baor activities. The findings of this study indicated that Bergobindapur baor plays a vital role for the support of livelihood of fishermen and net profit from baor was not satisfactory. A long-term strategy should be developed to make the baor profitable. The developed strategic plans should be initiated immediately for the profitability of the baor as well as improving the livelihood conditions of the fishermen engaged with the boar fishery activities.Keywords: economic analysis; baor fishery activities, impact on fishermen IntroductionJessore district has a large number of ponds, rivers, marches, baor, beel and total fish production from Jessore was 70426 MT during 2010 -11 (BBS, 2013. A baor is ox-bow lake, which is the still part of the flood plain of river connected by inlets and outlets. By screening the inlets and outlets a baor can be converted into a culture based fishery (DoF, 1996). Fisheries sector employed about 1.3 million full time fishermen and 12.5 million part times (DoF, 2013). Livelihood support could have various meanings, ranging from livelihood provision, to protection, recovery and promotion (Maxwell, 1999). The average rate of production from baor was 633kg/ha which can be increased manifold (DoF, 2011). Abdullah-Bin-Farid et al. (2013 found that socio-economic conditions of fishermen of the Baluhar baor was 58% lived in joint families, 78% used kancha (un-hygenic) sanitary latrine, 58% having 0.041 hectare lands and 74% lived in kancha (earthen) house. Das (2014) reported that total benefit from Bergobindapur baor was BDT 7135363.5 in the year 2012-13. From the above reviews, it was understood that the study on baor was limited and there were no research works about how baor had impacts on rural fishermen in the aspect of Bangladesh. Thus the present study was very important and it will

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ObjectiveIn patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), fatigue is a debilitating symptom with poorly understood pathophysiology. Cardiorespiratory dysfunction has been hypothesised as a contributor to SLE-fatigue. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine changes in cardiorespiratory function, following an exercise training programme in women with SLE, together with patient reported outcomes and other pathophysiological measures that may underlie SLE-fatigue.MethodsSixteen women with SLE and fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) ≥3) were enrolled in a supervised aerobic exercise training programme of vigorous intensity. The primary outcome was time to reach anaerobic threshold (AT-Time) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Secondary outcomes included changes in the 10-minute walk test (10MWT), FSS scores and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-57) survey. Mitochondrial function was assessed by the oxygen consumption rate (OCR)/extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) metabolic potential ratio.ResultsFollowing 12 weeks of exercise training, AT-Time increased by 93±82 (mean±SD) s (p<0.001), 10MWT increased by 84±66 m (p<0.001) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) increased by 1.4±2.0 mL/kg/min (p=0.013). There were improvements in FSS score (−1.4±1.0, p<0.0001) and in most of the PROMIS-57 domains. The decrease in FSS scores correlated with an increase in the OCR/ECAR ratio (Pearson’s correlation r=-0.59, p=0.03). A subset of subjects (9/15) had significant reduction in their Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISG) (p=0.007) accompanied by a significant increase in the OCR/ECAR ratio (p=0.013).ConclusionsCardiorespiratory function was improved in concomitance with reductions in fatigue following a 12-week aerobic exercise programme. The reduction in fatigue scores correlated with improvements in mitochondrial function.