Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon type of malignancy/cancer worldwide. However, NPC is an endemic disease in southeast Asia and southern China and the reasons behind the underlying for such changes are unclear. Even though the Epstein–Barr infection (EBV) has been suggested as an important reason for undistinguishable NPC, the EBV itself is not adequate to source this type of cancer. The risk factors, for example, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors might be associated with EBV to undertake a part in the NPC carcinogenesis. Normal healthy people have a memory B cell pool where the EBV persists, and any disturbance of this connection leads to virus-associated B cell malignancies. Less is known about the relationship between EBV and epithelial cell tumors, especially the EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (EBVaNPC) and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC). Currently, it is believed that premalignant genetic changes in epithelial cells contribute to the aberrant establishment of viral latency in these tumors. The early and late phases of NPC patients’ survival rates vary significantly. The presence of EBV in all tumor cells presents prospects for the development of innovative therapeutic and diagnostic techniques, despite the fact that the virus’s exact involvement in the carcinogenic process is presently not very well known. EBV research continues to shed light on the carcinogenic process, which is important for a more comprehensive knowledge of tumor etiology and the development of targeted cancer therapeutics. In order to screen for NPC, EBV-related biomarkers have been widely used in a few high-incidence locations because of their close associations with the risks of NPC. The current review highlights the scientific importance of EBV and its possible association with NPC.

Numerous plants are used as a traditional medicine in herbal therapy and are well known for their effective potential in therapeutics for different ailments. Carom [Trachyspermum ammi] is one of the plants that are crucial in medicine. It was cultivated first time in different regions of Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine for a long time in a variety of pharmacological and medicinal aspects. It is renowned for its curative value in different miseries, especially infections. Like other fatal diseases, great advancements have been made by utilizing the therapeutic abilities of different medicinal plants regarding the cure and control of cancer progression. However still, there is a need for improvement in treatment strategies and meeting up significant deficiencies in cancer management. Carom may have some progressive role in controlling such types of ailments. Moreover, it may be anticipated as an immunotherapeutic agent and would dominate other infection-controlling agents and cancer-treating strategies due to its higher efficiency as well as biosecurity free of adverse side effects.

Pregnancy or gestation is a physiological condition in which various physiological changes occur. Although pregnancy is a normal phenomenon, several hematological parameters are varied to fulfill the needs of the developing fetus. Sometimes pregnancy becomes complicated due to these changes. Objective: To determine the changes in the hematological profile of healthy pregnant females. Methods: 180 females aged 21 to 34 participated in this study and were placed in a first, second, and third group according to their trimesters, while the fourth group was the control. Each contained 45 females. These women were examined for 12 hematological parameters. Results: When compared with control, it was observed that Hb and RBCs (p-value < 0.05) were lower than control while WBCs (p-value ≤ 0.03) were increased. MCV, MCH and MCHC (p-value < 0.05) showed discontinuous variations along three trimesters. Increase in platelets and neutrophils while a decrease in monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes was observed (p-value <0.02). Conclusions: This study reported several changes in pregnant females' hematological parameters, which helped determine the reference ranges for these parameters. Moreover, pregnant women should have a balanced diet, and their hematological profile should be regularly monitored

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have been used for treating inflammatory disorders. Due to the large size of BMSCs compared to nanoparticles, BMSCs cannot be loaded into the nanoparticles. It is hypothesized that BMSCs lysate loading into the nanocarriers will effectively deliver cellular contents and regulatory elements of BMSCs at the injury site. This study aimed to investigate nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loading with BMSCs lysate through basic characterization and morphological analysis. Moreover, this study was mainly designed to investigate the role of NLC loaded BMSCs lysate in reducing inflammation via in-vitro and in-vivoassays. The in-vitro study involves cell viability assays, p53, annexin V and VEGF expression through ELISA and immunocytochemistry, real-time BAX, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-8, TOP2A, PCNA, and Ki-67 gene expression analysis. Additionally, to evaluate in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity, the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model was used. In-vitro results showed that NLC loaded BMSCs lysate increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis and pro-inflammatory genes expression and up-regulated angiogenesis and proliferation in H2O2 pre-stimulated cells. Findings of the in-vivo assay also indicated a reduction in rat's paw oedema volume in NLC-loaded BMSCs lysate, and downregulation of BAX, Caspase-3, IL-6, and IL-8 was observed. Enhanced expressions of TOP2A, PCNA, and Ki-67 were obtained. Concluding the results of this study, NLC-loaded BMSCs lysate could reduce inflammation and possibly regenerate damaged tissue mainly via increasing cell viability, angiogenesis and proliferation, and reducing apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their paracrine factors make them a suitable cell-free-therapeutic candidate. Cellular lysate usage could be an effective treatment strategy that circumvents the possible associated drawbacks of stem cell therapies. Objective: Thus, this research aims to examine the injury regeneration potential of MSCs cellular lysate derived from bone marrow by studying its anti-apoptotic, proliferative, and anti-oxidative effects. Methods: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce cellular injury. MTT assay, trypan blue, and crystal violet assays were used to assess bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BMSCs) lysate treated cells' viabilities. Next, to investigate the BMSCs lysate anti-oxidative potential anti-oxidants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays were performed. Simultaneously, the proliferative and anti-apoptotic potential was measured via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF A) and p53 expression analysis through immunostaining and ELISA. Results: It was observed that BMSCs lysate enhances the viability of H2O2 injured cells. APX, GR, and SOD's results indicated that after H2O2 injury, the anti-oxidant status decreased significantly and was uplifted by BMSCs lysate treatment. Additionally, the results of p53, BAX, and caspase-3 expression revealed that BMSCs lysate inhibits apoptosis by downregulating their expression in treated cells. The VEGF protein expression findings demonstrated that BMSCs lysate upregulates the downregulated expression of VEGF in H2O2 injured cells. The expression of proliferative markers (TOP2A, PCNA, and Ki-67) was also elevated in BMSCs treated cells. Conclusion: To conclude this study's findings, it was observed that BMSCs lysate could decrease H2O2 injury and possibly regenerate the injured cells by enhancing their viability and proliferation, improving anti-oxidants levels, and alleviating apoptosis.