This study evaluates the treatment efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetland for the removal of AOX (adsorbable organic halides) and chlorophenolics from pulp and paper mill wastewater. The dimensions of HSSF constructed wetland were 3.5 m in length, 1.5 m in width, and 0.28 m in depth, with surface area of 5.25 m2. The HSSF constructed wetland unit was planted with an ornamental plant species, Canna indica. Under hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5.9 days, the average AOX removal was 89.1%, and 67% to 100% removal of chlorophenolics from pulp and paper mill wastewater was achieved. The complete removal of 2,3-dichlorophenol, 3,4-dichlorophenol, 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol, 3,6-dichlorocatechol, and 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol was observed. Some of the chlorophenolics were found to accumulate in the plant biomass and soil. The evapotranspiration rate varied from 6.7 to 12.7 mm day(-1) during the experimental period. The mass balance of chlorophenolics was also studied in constructed wetland system.

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Aims and method To describe and explain psychiatrists' responses to metabolic abnormalities identified during screening. We carried out an audit of clinical records to assess rates of monitoring and follow-up practice. Semi-structured interviews with 36 psychiatrists followed by descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted.Results Metabolic abnormalities were identified in 76% of eligible patients screened. Follow-up, recorded for 59%, was variable but more likely with four or more abnormalities. Psychiatrists endorse guidelines but ambivalence about responsibility, professional norms, resource constraints and skills deficits as well as patient factors influences practice. Therapeutic optimism and desire to be a ‘good doctor’ supported comprehensive follow-up.Clinical implications Psychiatrists are willing to attend to physical healthcare, and obstacles to recommended practice are surmountable. Psychiatrists seek consensus among stakeholders about responsibilities and a systemic approach addressing the social determinants of health inequities. Understanding patients' expectations is critical to promoting best practice.

Maximally effective treatment may need to focus on eliciting a range of benefits of cessation and control strategies and on maximizing both support for change and resistance to peer pressure. Further research might focus on comparing perceived effective strategies between individuals who obtain sustained cessation versus those who relapse.

Cooperative communications is an innovative technique that is expected to change the behavior of wireless networks in the near feature. In the MAC layer, this technique defines new protocols by enabling additional collaboration from stations that otherwise will not directly participate in the transmission. A typical example of such a protocol is CoopMAC [1], a cooperative MAC protocol that involves an intermediate station or helper in the communication between a transmitter and a receiver. Under this scheme, the transmitter sends its packets to the receiver by forwarding them through the helper. In this way the protocol takes advantage of spatial diversity and faster twohop transmission, significantly improving the performance of the network. In such an environment, where the sender relies on an intermediate helper to forward its packets to the original destination, numerous security issues may arise. The present security schemes need to be adapted in order to support endto-end security in the source-helper-destination communication model. In this paper we discuss the potential security issues that cooperation may raise and propose two new security schemes to address those concerns. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed algorithms, we implement them using open source drivers platform, which is explained in the paper in detail. Moreover, the paper also discusses the design challenges encounterd and share the experience and insights gained during implementation. Our implementations of the suggested techniques allow the WEP, WPA and WPA2 (802.11i) security protocols to successfully operate in the new cooperative environment.