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The objectives of the present study were to ascertain the variations in the serum levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status, in head and neck malignancies with different stages, with and without oral antioxidant supplementation, before and after radiotherapy, and to validate the protective effects of an antioxidant supplementation during radiotherapy. The pretreatment values of serum malondialdehyde were significantly raised, while that of serum total antioxidant status were significantly declined in all the stages of head and neck malignancies, when compared with the healthy controls values (P<0.001). A significant correlation was observed related to the studied parameters and different stages of the disease. The study suggests that an oral antioxidant supplementation during radiotherapy is an effective mode in reducing oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation during radiotherapy may serve as an adjuvant therapy in malignancies offering a protection to normal cells that may further reduce the risk of developing secondary cancers.

Background: Various studies all around the world depicted the relationship of polymorphisms in tumor suppressor genes with risk of various cancers, but there are unambiguous conclusions on this association. A hospital based case-control study was designed to review the association of polymorphism of tumor suppressor genes p21 and p53 with breast cancer risk in women residing in rural Maharashtra. Methods: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) a C>A transversion (Ser>Arg) at codon 31 of exon 2 (rs1801270), C>T transition occurring 20bp upstream from stop codon of exon 3 (rs1059234) in p21 gene and G>C (Arg>Pro) transition at codon 72 of exon 4 (rs1042522), G>T (Arg>Ser) transition at codon 249 in exon 7 (rs28934571) in p53 gene were studied. To precise the quantitative assessment, we enrolled 800 subjects sorted into 400 clinically confirmed breast cancer patients and 400 healthy women from a tertiary care hospital (Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre) of south-western Maharashtra. The genetic polymorphisms in p21 and p53 genes was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using blood genomic DNA isolated from breast cancer patients and controls. The level of association of polymorphisms was assessed using Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval and p-value identified using logistic regression model. Results: After the analysis of SNPs (rs1801270, rs1059234) of p21 and (rs1042522, rs28934571) in p53 gene our analysis suggested that heterozygote Ser/Arg genotype with OR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.47- 0.91; p=0.0003 and homozygote variant Arg/Arg genotype with OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.13- 0.40; p<0.0001of rs1801270 of p21 was negatively associated with risk of breast cancer in studied population. Conclusion: The findings from this study supported that rs1801270 SNP of p21 was inversely associated with breast cancer risk in the studied rural women population.

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Aim: To assess various cytological changes for predicting radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma by exfoliative cytology.Materials and methods: Histologically proven 30 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent fractionated radiotherapy in a dose of 45-60 Gy in 5 fractions/week were enrolled in the study. The exfoliative cytology smear was evaluated on lesional and adjacent oral mucosa before radiotherapy, during radiotherapy (8 and 11th fraction) and post radiotherapy (4, 6 and 8 weeks). Various parameters like multinucleation, cellular enlargement, nuclear enlargement, cytoplasmic vacuolation, cytoplasmic granulation, leukocytic infiltration were evaluated.Results: Statistical significant values were seen in the intergroup comparison of all the parameters when compared adjacent mucosa and normal mucosa for leukocytic infiltration in pretreatment smear. Conclusion:The study showed that radiation-induced cytological changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma have a significant dose-related increase. This dose-response relationship and the high intratumoral variations suggest that serial assay of these changes has potential use for radiosensitivity prediction.Clinical significance: Radiosensitivity prediction can be evaluated by means of cytological smears in one stop crisis centre (OSCC) individuals subjected to fractionated radiotherapy by evaluating the cytological parameters.