Modern compression ignition engines combine excellent fuel efficiency with high power output, and have the ability to use high quality renewable fuels, which can be produced efficiently from biomass. With regards to the progressively stringent emission legislation in the automotive sector and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the coming decades, this research work is directed at developing diesel engine-gasifier integrated systems to operate on renewable fuels. In the present work, to make the diesel engine completely independent of fossil fuel, the diesel fuel was replaced by Honge oil methyl ester and producer gas. The non edible fuel mainly consists of biodiesel derived from Honge oil called Honge oil Methyl Ester [HOME]. The main biomass sources for producer gas generation are obtained from both ordinary and Honge wood. The proposed work therefore involves development of a system completely independent of diesel fuel with biodiesel derived from non-edible oil i.e., Honge oil and producer gas operation. In the study different carburetors were designed and developed to check the suitability of the producer gas and air mixing. Carburetors of Y-shaped, basic and parallel gas entry were considered for the study. The parallel flow carburetor operated biodiesel-gasifier dual fuel engine results in better performance compared to Y-shaped and basic carburetor system. The parallel carburetor ensures stoichiometric air and producer gas mixing compared to Y-shaped carburetor. Honge wood results in poor performance than the babul wood because of its lower density, higher moisture content and lower calorific value resulting in poorer quality of the gas.

This paper investigates the behavior of reinforced cement mortar composite round bars with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs). The percentage of CFs was fixed at 2.25 wt% of cement, while the percentage of MWCNTs was fixed at 0.5, by wt% of cement. Dispersion of both MWCNTs and CFs was carried out using ultrasonic energy method. Composite round bars were tested under direct tension in order to evaluate their mechanical properties such as ultimate load, deflection criteria, and stress-strain behavior. These results were then compared with the results of plain cement control round bars. From the study, it is shown that the load carrying capacity of composite bars under direct tension is substantially higher than the plain controlled bar.

The present paper investigates the behaviour of a polymer matrix beam reinforced with graphene and carbon fibres at nano and micro level reinforcements, respectively, to study mainly the strength aspects for structural applications. However an attempt has also been made to use a combination of both micro and nano level fillers in both individual and combined forms as reinforcements. The addition of graphene and carbon fibres in the control beams was varied from 0.1 to 0.4% percent by weight of polymer matrix. Dispersion of graphene was carried out using ultrasonic energy. Composite beams were tested under flexural in order to evaluate their mechanical property such as load-deflection criteria. These results were then compared with those obtained from plain polymer beams. The present work also investigates the optimum percentage of graphene and carbon fibres as individual and combination fillers that gave the best results in terms of enhanced mechanical properties and economical aspects as well. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy was conducted to examine the interfacial surface adhesion between the fillers and the polymer matrix. Reinforcement of polymer beams with graphene alone by weight of the polymer matrix showed enhanced results when compared to carbon fibres alone while the use of combined nano and micro reinforcements showed performance lying in between nano and micro fillers in the polymer. Flexural strength is enhanced by 35% compared to plain control beams when graphene was used as reinforcement fillers in the polymer matrix.

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