Handover is the mechanism that transfers information from one terminal to another as a user moves through the coverage area of a cellular system. Here the Network selection is the handover decision process between various network environments. This handover decision will be either mobile or network initiated. In 2G GSM handover decision method especially concentrates on Received frequency signals (RFS). Upcoming technologies (3G/4G) the number of available networks increase the selection process should evaluate additional factors such as cost, network services, network terminology, system conditions, user and operators performances and needed energy to work in an exceedingly network. In Future networks (IEEE or 4G standards) offer facilities such as network routes, handover routing messages, network and client reports, message exchange with handover triggers and handover negotiation. In this study we have a tendency to discuss the utilization of a cost function to perform associate a network selection exploitation information provided by these standards, such as network coverage or network properties. The efficient function provides flexibility to balance the various factors within the network selection, and our research is focused on rising each seamlessness and energy efficiency of the devices in handovers. We have a tendency to evaluate our approach supported usage scenarios over 2G, 3G and 4G GSM networks. Our results show the optimal networks and handovers were generate appropriate times to increase overall network connectivity as compared to traditional network schemes, at the same time optimizing energy consumption of network devices. JCSThis is an area where standards such as 802.16 or 3G/4G can facilitate information exchange between these entities to enable the mobile device to obtain relevant network information a priori. In this study we investigate an energy function based network selection architecture assisted by the knowledge of network map coverage.An energy function based network selection is a flexible algorithm which can take into account the relevant factors to consider with minimal user involvement. For our Literature survey, we used the 802.16e Media Independent Information Service (MIIS) (Geetha and Jayaparvathy, 2011) to provide this information and to the best of our knowledge there has been no work on using 802.16e to optimize network selection in an energy efficient manner using real environmental data (Fang and McNair, 2006).In this study we proposed a cost based network selection architecture assisted by the knowledge of network map coverage (Zois et al., 2013). A cost based network selection is a flexible algorithm which can take into account the relevant factors to consider with minimal user involvement. For our implementation, we used the 802.16g Independent Information Service (IIS) to provide this information and to the best of our knowledge there has been no work on using 802.16e to optimize network selection in an energy efficient manner using real environmental data. Using th...

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Groundwater level fluctuation modeling is a prime need for effective utilization and planning the conjunctive use in any basin.The application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and hybrid Wavelet ANN (WANN) models was investigated in predicting Groundwater level fluctuations. The RMSE of ANN model during calibration and validation were found to be 0.2868 and 0.3648 respectively, whereas for the WANN model the respective values were 0.1946 and 0.1695. Efficiencies during calibration and validation for ANN model were 0.8862 per cent and 0.8465 per cent respectively, whereas for WANN model were found to be much higher with the respective values of 0.9436 per cent and 0.9568 per cent indicating substantial improvement in the model performance. Hence hybrid ANN model is the promising tool to predict water table fluctuation as compared to ANN model.