In recent years, there has been an increased motivation to reduce meat consumption globally due to environmental and health concerns, which has driven the development of meat substitutes. Filamentous fungal biomass, commonly known as mycoprotein, is a potential meat substitute since it is nutritious and has filaments to mimic meat fibrils. The current study aimed to investigate the potential use of a cheap substrate derived from the food industry, i.e., residual water in a tempeh factory, for mycoprotein production. The type of residual water, nutrient supplementation, optimum conditions for biomass production, and characteristics of the mycoprotein were determined. The results showed that the residual water from the first boiling with yeast extract addition gave the highest mycoprotein content. The optimum growth condition was a pH of 4.5 and agitation of 125 rpm, and it resulted in 7.76 g/L biomass. The mycoprotein contains 19.44% (w/w) protein with a high crude fiber content of 8.51% (w/w) and a low fat content of 1.56% (w/w). In addition, the amino acid and fatty acid contents are dominated by glutamic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are associated with an umami taste and are considered healthier foods. The current work reveals that the residual boiling water from the tempeh factory can be used to produce high-quality mycoprotein.
Jamur memerlukan oksigen untuk pertumbuhannya, sehingga jamur biasanya diinokulasi dengan cara spread plate (digores di permukaan media). Inokulasi juga bisa dilakukan dengan pour plate, yaitu dengan menambahkan mikrobia pada media agar sebelum memadat (suhu 45 °C). Kelemahan dengan metoda pour plate yaitu akan membatasi ketersediaan oksigen dalam medium yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan jamur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu 1) mengetahui pertumbuhan miselia jamur pada media secara pour plate, 2) mengetahui waktu inkubasi miselia jamur ketika muncul di permukaan media dan pembentukan spora jamur. Suspensi spora jamur Rhizopus oligosporus diplating dengan dua cara yaitu spread plate dan pour plate dengan menggunakan media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), kemudian diinkubasi suhu 30 °C selama 5 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari dengan melihat pertumbuhan miselia dan pembentukan sporanya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Jamur dapat hidup dengan metoda pour plate dan menghasilkan miselia yang dapat menembus media untuk mencari oksigen. Spora jamur berkecambah di dalam media PDA pada inkubasi 12 jam dan dengan metode pour plate miselia akan muncul ke permukaan media pada inkubasi 24 jam. Setelah 48 jam inkubasi, miselia akan semakin menyebar dan mulai terbentuk sporangium pada kedua metode inokulasi. Spora hitam muncul pada inkubasi hari ke 3 dan akan merata pada inkubasi hari ke 5. Kecepatan pertumbuhan jamur yang ditumbuhkan dengan metoda pour plate tidak berbeda dengan jamur yang ditumbuhkan dengan metoda spread plate.
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