ResumoEste estudo teve por objetivo analisar a madeira de dez espécies endêmicas da região do semiárido brasileiro, sobretudo quando submetida à pirólise e caracterização do extrato pirolenhoso. Na madeira foram analisados os teores de extrativos totais, lignina e cinzas, poder calorífico e a composição química elementar (C, H, O, N, S). Amostras foram submetidas ao processo de pirólise flash sob uma temperatura de 500 °C com um tempo de permanência de 5 minutos. Os rendimentos em carvão vegetal, líquido pirolenhoso e gases não condensáveis foram determinados. Os extratos de líquidos pirolenhosos foram analisados por meio de cromatografia a gás (GC/MS) com o intuito de detecção de compostos orgânicos. A madeira das espécies Mimosa tenuiflora e Poincianella pyramidalis mostraram-se as mais indicadas para uso de biomassa para energia e para a produção de carvão vegetal em função dos seus elevados teores de lignina, rendimentos em carvão e líquido pirolenhoso. Detectou-se nos extratos pirolenhosos compostos oxigenados, como ácidos carboxílicos, ésteres, éteres e cetonas, além de fenóis, guaiacóis e derivados fenólicos.Palavras-chave: energia da biomassa; líquido pirolenhoso; cromatografia gasosa. AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze wood from ten species, endemic of the Brazilian semi-arid region, especially when subjected to pyrolysis and characterization of pyroligneous extract. In the wood, the total extractive, lignin and ash contents, the calorific value, and the elementary chemical composition (C, H, O, N, S) were analyzed. Samples were subjected to the flash pyrolysis process at a temperature of 500 °C with a residence time of 5 minutes. The yields of charcoal, pyroligneous liquid, and non-condensing gases were determined. Pyroligneous liquid extracts were analyzed through gas chromatography (GC/MS) with the objective of detecting organic compounds. The wood of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Poincianella pyramidalis species was the most suitable for using biomass for energy purposes and to produce charcoal due to its high lignin content, charcoal yields and pyroligneous liquid. Oxygenated compounds, such as carboxylic acids, esters, ethers and ketones, as well as phenols, guaiacols and phenolic derivates were detected in the pyroligneous extracts.

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This study aimed to evaluate the Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna, from production areas of Rio de Janeiro State, intended for energy use. The selection consisted of six trees per specie, at six years old. The wood samples had its basic density determined, then, was subjected to the pyrolysis process with 500 °C of final temperature. Charcoal, pyroligneous liquid and non-condensable gases yields were determined. In addition, the charcoal had its immediate analysis performed to determine the levels of volatiles matter, fixed carbon and ash content. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were effective to predict recommended species. Based on the results, the most recommended specie for energy purposes was the Eucalyptus grandis.

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