Background: Understanding of physiological adaptations of normal pregnancy remains a major goal of obstetrics, and without such knowledge, it is almost impossible to understand disease processes that can threaten women during pregnancy. Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in serum liver function tests in normal pregnant women in first, second and third trimester. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional in vitro study conducted at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad (India). A study consists of 150 pregnant women and 50 matched control. Among the 150 pregnant women, 50 were in first trimester, 50 were in second trimester and 50 were in third trimester. Serum sample was taken and assessed for routine liver function tests. Results: Serum total and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in second and third trimester. Serum ALT and AST activity was slightly but significantly increased in third trimester. Serum ALP activity was significantly higher in second and third trimester. ALP activity increases as pregnancy advances. Serum GGT values were significantly lowers in third trimester. No significant change in serum total proteins concentration, but serum albumin concentration was significantly lower and serum globulin concentration was significantly higher in all three trimester. Serum albumin/globulin ratio was significantly reduced in second and third trimester. Conclusion: Such changes in in liver function tests during normal pregnancy can be misinterpreted as pathological and can also unmask or worsen preexisting disease. So the identification and understanding of these physiological changes in pregnancy is important for the diagnosis of liver diseases during pregnancy.

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The modifiable factors most strongly associated with good adherence rates were higher current CD4 counts, patients' beliefs in ART, and positive mental health. These factors can be targeted by simple, practical interventions to improve and maintain high adherence levels.

INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism is non-curable common endocrine disorder in which the thyroid gland is unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. Present with a number of symptoms, Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects our whole body. Untreated hypothyroidism can be the cause of raised cholesterol levels. Many study have shown association between hypothyroidism and lipid profile. In this study, we evaluate the mean lipid profile status in subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroid patients.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital based retrospective study done from the record card maintained in Alka Hospital, Jawalakhel. Total number of participants were 215. Out of which 73 had overt hypothyroidism, 92 had subclinical hypothyroidism and 50 were taken as control. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis.  RESULTS: The level of LDL, TG and TC was significantly higher in case of overt hypothyroidism as compared to control group, but no significant difference was found in subclinical hypothyroidism and control group. TG level was significantly lower in subclinical hypothyroidism cases.  CONCLUSION: Elevated HDL, LDL & TC is seen in overt hypothyroid patients. It is important to screen for lipid profile in hypothyroid patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12065Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 33-36

Background:The management of health care waste is the subject of considerable concern to public health. Unscientifi c disposal of health care waste may lead to the transmission of communicable disease which is a risk for health care professionals. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the awareness in the medical and paramedical students about bio-medical waste (BMW) hazards and management and to see the impact of clinical posting in knowledge regarding BMW handling. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional type of study. A total of 240 subjects was enrolled, 60 each from 1 st year students of MBBS, BDS, nursing, and MLT. They were interviewed for health care waste management practices. Results: Study shows overall awareness regarding BMW in nursing and MLT students were better than MBBS and BDS students. We found that about the infection like HIV almost all the students were equally aware but awareness about hepatitis B infection was more in MBBS and BDS students and also in nursing students compared with MLT students. All the students from four groups were almost vaccinated for tetanus toxoid but only 50% students were vaccinated for hepatitis B. Conclusion: The nursing and MLT students comparatively were having better knowledge and attitude than BDS and MBBS students in many aspects. However, overall knowledge of 1 st year students from all the groups was not satisfactory and number of students those who were vaccinated for hepatitis B was also low which put them at risk. Abstract Access this article onlineWebsite: www.ijmedph.org