The effect of thermal cycling was carried out on steel bars (0.4 C %). A single run was performed at a lower temperature of 32℃ and an upper temperature of 500℃ cooled in water, seawater (previous results) and oil (new results). For several numbers of cycles up to 30 cycles for an accurate determination of heating and cooling times. The effect of thermal cycling on the corrosion rate was evaluated. The effect of thermal cycling on the following properties was evaluated the corrosion rate. The comparison between the effect of thermal cycling on carbon steel (0.4 C %) seawater and water-cooled (previous results as shown in references [1, 2]) and the effect of thermal cycling on carbon steel (0.4 C %) water-cooled (new results) has been studied. From the obtained test results (previous and in this paper, it was found that: the type of corrosion is uniform attack; corrosion rate of the first stage gradually increases with the number of thermal cycling up to 15 cycles, then it takes steady-state up to 30 cycles. It was found that the rate of corrosion (previous results, seawater and water-cooled) is more than the rate of corrosion of the new results, oil-cooled respectively.

No abstract

Highlights Punicalagin as a potential antioxidant against free radicals in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin as an auxiliary factor in increasing progesterone levels from accessory corpus luteum enhance reproductive and pregnancy health in young does. Free radicals produced from reproductive processes may disturb oocyte and embryo growth. Injection of punicalagin (PL) alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) had significant impacts on maternal body weight (MBW), conception rate (CR), gestation length (GL), kindling rate (KR), total litter size (TLS), live litter size (LLS), kit weight (KW) and progesterone (P4) concentrations during 1st/2nd gestation periods.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two types of ceramic after different surface treatments using an atomic force microscope (AFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty disks were fabricated of the two types of ceramic eighty disks of lithium disilicate (LD) (IPS e. max computer-aided design [CAD]) and eighty disks of hybrid ceramic (VITA Suprinity pc). Disks were subdivided into four groups according to the surface treatment (n = 20). Eighty disks of (IPS e. max CAD) were subdivided into LD I: control (no treatment), LD II: Sandblasting (Al2O3, 50 μm particle size), LD III: Hydrofluoric acid etching, and LD IV: Tribochemical surface treatment. Eighty disks of (VITA Suprinity pc) were subdivided into HD I: control (no treatment), HD II: Sandblasting (Al2O3, 50 μm particle size), HD III: Hydrofluoric acid etching, and HD IV: Tribochemical surface treatment. Then, surface treated disks surface roughness was analyzed by AFM (ThermoMicroscope, Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The results were analyzed using SPSS program software version 25. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test with significance level 0.05. RESULTS: Tribochemical surface treatment groups of both types of ceramic L.D IV (279 ± 147 nm) and H.D IV (269.8 ± 142.2 nm) had the highest mean Ra values followed by surface abrasion with Al2O3 50 μ; L.D II (265.5 ± 140 nm), H.D II (204.5 ± 107.7 nm), hydrofluoric acid etching then control groups. CONCLUSION: Different surface treatments increased surface roughness significantly for both types of ceramic.

total of thirty-six Saidi pregnant ewes at late pregnancy had almost similar average body weight (48kg) were divided at first before lambing into two groups control and treatment with vitamin D injection, each group 18 ewes. Ewes were assigned after lambing into 4 comparable groups (9 each) as follow, Group 1 (CC) Neither dams nor lambs treated with vitamin D, Group 2 (CT) Dams not treated, lambs treated, Group 3 (TC) Dams treated, lambs not treated and Group 4 (TT) Both dams and lambs treated. Treated ewes were injected three doses of vitamin D every week for three weeks by 500000 IU, while suckling lambs were injected vitamin D with 100000 IU after two weeks of birth and then every month until weaning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Vitamin D injection on daily gain of lambs and some reproductive traits of ewes. The obtained results indicate that:1-There are a significant effect of vitamin D injection on body weight (BW) of lambs. Vitamin D injection increased (P<0.05) BW by about 41.9, 68.9 and 99.8 in favor of CT, TC and TT groups, respectively. 2-Vitamin D supplemented lambs born to treated-ewes increased ADG by about 96%,. 3-Pregnancy period of vitamin D-treated ewes was longer than that of control ones (155.95 vs.143.65 day). Also, three doses of vitamin D injection during late pregnancy period improved fertility rates. 4-Vitamin D injection improved survival rate, while mortality rate, tended to be higher in lambs born to control ewes compared to those born to vitamin D-treated ewes. In Conclusion, Injection of vitamin D at late pregnancy of ewes may improve reproductive performance of ewes and their lamb survival.