This research looks into the reliability metrics that are used to assess the strength of a solar system's serial system, which is made up of four subsystems. Each subsystem consists of two parallel active components: two out of two photo-voltaic panels, one of two charge controllers, two of two batteries, and one of two inverters. Both the charge controller and the inverter have two human operators or switches. The Gumbel-Hougaard copula family was used to produce formulations of system dependability metrics such as reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF), availability, and profit function. Numerical examples are presented to show the obtained results and to investigate the impact of various system characteristics. The new study might help homes overcome some of the problems experienced by electric generation systems operating in hostile locations or under adverse weather conditions. A new model was developed, and solar photovoltaic system's subsystems were analyzed in order to identify the most essential component. It was also indicated how to improve the system.

Purpose Solar photovoltaic (PV) is commonly used as a renewable energy source to provide electrical power to customers. This research establishes a method for testing the performance reliability of large grid-connected PV power systems. Solar PV can turn unrestricted amounts of sunlight into energy without releasing carbon dioxide or other contaminants into the atmosphere. Because of these advantages, large-scale solar PV generation has been increasingly incorporated into power grids to meet energy demand. The capability of the installation and the position of the PV are the most important considerations for a utility company when installing solar PV generation in their system. Because of the unpredictability of sunlight, the amount of solar penetration in a device is generally restricted by reliability constraints. PV power systems are made up of five PV modules, with three of them needing to be operational at the same time. In other words, three out of five. Then there is a charge controller and a battery bank with three batteries, two of which must be consecutively be in operation. i.e. two out of three. Inverter and two distributors, all of which were involved at the same time. i.e. two out of two. In order to evaluate real-world grid-connected PV networks, state enumeration is used. To measure the reliability of PV systems, a collection of reliability indices has been created. Furthermore, detailed sensitivity tests are carried out to examine the effect of various factors on the efficiency of PV power systems. Every module's test results on a realistic 10-kW PV system. To see how the model works in practice, many scenarios are considered. Tables and graphs are used to show the findings. Design/methodology/approach The system of first-order differential equations is formulated and solved using Laplace transforms using regenerative point techniques. Several scenarios were examined to determine the impact of the model under consideration. The calculations were done with Maple 13 software. Findings The authors get availability, reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF), MTTF sensitivity and gain feature in this research. To measure the reliability of PV systems, a collection of reliability indices has been created. Furthermore, detailed sensitivity tests are carried out to examine the effect of various factors on the efficiency of PV power systems. Originality/value This is the authors' original copy of the paper. Because of the importance of the study, the references are well-cited. Nothing from any previously published articles or textbooks has been withdrawn.

The primary aim of this present study is to examine how reliability, availability, maintainability, and dependability (RAMD) are used to describe the criticality of each sub-assembly in grid- connected photovoltaic systems. A transition diagram of all subsystems is produced for this analysis, and Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equations for each variable of each subsystem are constructed using the Markov birth-death process. Both random failure and repair time variables have an exponential distribution and are statistically independent. A sufficient repair facility is still available with the device. The numerical results for reliability, maintainability, dependability, and steady-state availability for various photovoltaic device components have been obtained. Other metrics, such as mean time to failure (MTTF), mean time to repair (MTTR), and dependability ratio, which aid in device performance prediction, have also been measured. According to numerical analysis. it is hypothesized that subsystem S4, i.e. the inverter, is the most critical and highly sensitive portion that requires special attention in order to improve the efficiency of the PV device plant. The findings of this research are very useful for photovoltaic system designers and maintenance engineers.

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