Nowadays, national security issues are increasing day by day in most countries. A multitude of measures to reduce the challenges have been presented and even implemented by many authors, but without exhaustive results. The use of computers and sophisticated IT tools by the terrorist group, increasing number of citizens, lack of social amenities and other factors have made some of them inadequate enough to control the problems in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to highlight national security challenges in Nigeria and how security oversight is operated. To achieve this, the authors analyze available secondary data, investigating national security modus operandi and presenting the general concept of surveillance. Related works were also investigated for discussion. Remote surveillance, wiretapping, geospatial intelligence and a consolidated national database are proposed to achieve digital intelligence collection for insecurity management.

This paper describes the typical process for monitoring surfaces contaminated by different sources, such as strontium ( 90 Sr), cobalt ( 60 Co) and chlorine ( 36 Cl), in a working environment. There are several detectors that are used to identify both the location and activity of a contamination source. In this report, the most effective detector to scan and monitor Beta-rays is the mini-monitor E, with an efficiency of 42.3%, 20% and 14% for detecting 90 Sr, 36 Cl and 60 Co, respectively. However, the NE BP/4A/4C scintillator detector was the most suitable for detecting Gamma-rays. In addition, a smear test was carried out by using a high-efficiency G-M tube and several different sources of 90 Sr. The decontamination process successfully reduced the contamination level to almost 2.1% of the original percentage of contamination when the first wipe was done.

In this work, a system for the characterization of materials using transmission and scattering of gamma rays is described and used to assess the attenuation properties of some liquid materials. The apparatus consists of a 45 mCi point source of 124Am and thin NaI (Tl) detector. Measurements are presented for sucrose solutions with densities ranging from 1 to 1.86 g/cm3. For the absorbance, the solution Z (0.66 g/cm3) with the lowest density has higher absorption with chances to attenuate more than some higher density absorber solution like the sucrose (1.37 g/cm3) while sucrose (1.86 g/cm3) solution with the highest density possessing highest absorption and attenuation capabilities. This however did not fully accord to the conformity with the theory in low-density absorber which will give rise to less attenuation than a high-density absorber since the chances of an interaction between the radiation and the atoms of the absorber are relatively lower. Consequently, the variation of the ratio of scattered and transmitted intensity against the density of the solutions display some arbitrary dependence with energy of the photons interacting with the density of the absorber solution with some little deviation to the exact ideal scattering and transmission case. With gamma rays, most likely the scattering is in the forward direction and that the probability of scattering backwards or in larger angles is relatively constant as the angle approaches 90.