As a growth input, human capital and remittances have received significant attention and their role on other macro fundamentals has also been investigated. However, the effects of remittances on human capital development are not yet conclusive in the literature. The motivation of the study is to gauge the role of remittances in the process of human capital development in the topb10 remittance recipients for the period spanning from 1980 to 2019. The study has implemented symmetric and asymmetric estimations to explore the effects of remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation on human capital development. The study documented a positive and statistically significant linkage between remittances and human capital development; a similar linkage was revealed for FDI and gross capital formation. Asymmetric assessment detected asymmetric effects running from remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation to human capital development, both in the long-run and the short-run. Moreover, asymmetric shocks in remittances and FDI have exposed positive and statistically significant human capital development. In contrast, gross capital formation revealed a negative and statistically significant connection with human capital development. Referring to a directional causality test, the study documented a feedback hypothesis that holds in explaining the causality between remittances, FDI, and human capital development and unidirectional causality running from gross capital formation and human capital development. In regard to policy formulation, the study suggested that offering additional incentives could induce migrants to send more remittances into the economy, eventually supporting sustainable economic growth. Second, an efficient and effective financial sector can ensure optimal utilization through the channel of capital formation in the economy; therefore, countries must pay attention to the establishment of efficient intermediation.

The study’s motivation is to gauge the impact of financial innovation on economic growth from 2004M1 to 2018M12 in India and Pakistan’s economy with the mediating role of economic policy uncertainty. For instituting the possible association between financial innovations, economic policy uncertainty, and economic growth study considered both symmetric and asymmetric frameworks following autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL). Furthermore, asymmetric causal relationships were evaluated by performing non-granger causality tests with asymmetric shocks of financial innovation and economic policy uncertainty (EPU). The results of Fpss, Wpss, and tBDM under symmetry framework established the long-run link between EPU, financial innovation, and economic growth in both countries. The results of standard Wald tests demonstrated the asymmetry effects furring from EPU to economic growth and financial innovation to economic growth both in the long-run and short-run. The asymmetry effects of positive and negative shocks in financial innovation revealed a positive linkage with economic growth and a negative tie between asymmetric shocks in EPU and economic growth in the long-run, but short-run magnitudes negligible. Refers to directional causality estimation, the study revealed evidence supporting the feedback hypothesis between EPU and financial innovation in all sample countries.

Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth by allowing production and process diversifications. Furthermore, open innovation practices, especially SMEs, rely on several firms’ specific attributes, and their impact varies accordingly. This study’s motivation is to explore the impact of technological adaptation and open innovation on SMEs run by women entrepreneurs and the challenges encountered in implementing open innovation. A sample of 580 questionnaires was sent to target SMEs, following the stratified random sampling technique, of which a complete 375 responses were duly received. The open innovation has been measured through eight innovative practices, reflecting the exploration and exploitation of technology in SMEs. This study found that women-owned enterprises were involved in many open innovation policies during the last five years. The result of this study indicated that there are no significant differences between manufacturing and industry regarding open innovation practices. Still, women-owned enterprises are more impressively engaged in open innovation practices. The research also identified that women-owned SMEs follow open innovation, mainly for market-related intentions, to compete with competitors and meet customers’ demands. The study contributes to the theoretical and practical implications. Further, the study is helpful for SMEs, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.

The faster growing energy consumption and urbanization are supporting economic growth but are contributing in the environmental degradation. The existing empirical literature has been remained silent on this serious issue in case of GCC countries. The present study captures these rectangular relationships amongst these variables in the GCC countries by using panel unit root and cointegration tests for a period 1980-2011. The study finds the first difference stationarity and existence of cointegration among the concerned variables. Further, urbanization has the positive impact on CO 2 , energy consumption and economic growth. Economic growth has a positive impact on CO 2 and has a negative impact on energy consumption. Energy consumption has a positive impact on CO 2 and CO 2 has a positive impact on energy consumption and economic growth. The causality tests also confirm the direction of relationships in the most of GCC countries in the country-specific analysis. The results of the study suggest the urban planning and clean energy consumption to avoid the pollutant emissions and to achieve sustainable development for GCC countries in the long run.