To date, there is no trial mechanism for Indonesian citizens to claim their rights through the constitutional complaint, even if the Constitutional Court has existed since 2003. In fact, civil rights guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution are often ignored by the government even though these rights are essential in promoting the rule of law. This paper aims to revisit the range of constitutional complaints and further consequences about the legal certainty by taking into account the rationale of civil rights protection following the establishment of the Constitutional Court for adjudicating civil complaints. This study uses juridical research with normative and comparative approaches. In this context, a constitutional complaint is different from the judicial review for which, the actions of government officials are deemed to be detrimental and violate the constitutional rights of citizens. Rather, it is an adjudication for protecting civil rights when it is found the constitutional rights are breached by the government so that each citizen has legal standing before the Constitutional Court. As for the effort to apply legal certainty to constitutional complaints, a legal basis is needed, namely the laws that regulate and their application. By doing so, it can be implemented after amending the 1945 Constitution that outlines the additional power-wielding to the Constitutional Court. KEYWORDS: Constitutional Complaint, Constitutional Court, Indonesian Constitution.

The aim of this research is to study the impact ща the new technologies on the contemporary news radiobroadcasting. The research methods include a half-structured interview with top managers of Russian news radio stations. The interview showed that digitalization has had a significant influence on almost all aspects of work of the news radio, from searching for information to professional requirements for the staff and the organization structure of the radio’s editorial board. Having analyzed the results of the interview, the authors have made the following inferences. The number of the competences the personnel of a news radio station is to possess has increased. The technological development has led to multitasking in the work of the personnel of a news radio: via the computer and mobile devices, they have to combine searching for information and working on the text with looking through and texting messages, and promoting their content in social networks. Due to its usability and operational efficiency, communication via messengers has almost replaced personal communication, telephone conversations and e-mail writing. As for the effect of digitalization on the economic aspect of radio stations’ activity, it has been ambivalent. On the one hand, it has helped radio stations to minimize expenses on data storage, thanks to the cloud services. On the other hand, the work on the new formats, launch of new applications and hiring content managers have required other expenses. The most common change in the structure of a typical radio editorial board is the emergence of IT departments. However, some aspects of work of news radio stations have remained unchanged despite digitalization. For instance, the use of FM-band is still popular with the market participants, who are not ready for expenses on transition to a new format.