The number of operations with the use of osteoplastic materials is increasing annually, which is explained by the increasing number of high-tech operations, reconstructive interventions for bone pathology, oncoorthopedics, bone deformities, as well as tissue defects resulting from combat trauma. Bone as an object of transplantation and is preferable because the use of bone tissue and materials made on its basis creates the necessary conditions for biological restoration of bone as an organ. The modern trend is the development of regenerative medicine technologies and the development of modified materials with improved and predetermined properties osteoplastic materials ceased to be static structures and their inertness gave way to functional activity. The article describes the basic advantages of bone tissue and allogenic osteoplastic materials for their prospective use in reconstructive and reconstructive surgery of the musculoskeletal system. Data on the experience in the use of donor bone tissues for homoplasy at the clinic of military traumatology and orthopedics of the Kirov Military Medical Academy are presented. The advantages of allogeneic decellularized tissues for use in clinical and scientific practice are considered. The importance of preserving the architecture of native tissue for successful bone transplantation is shown. Decellularization is a method that allows the removal of immunogenic agents from tissues and organs, including cells and residual DNA, preserving the natural composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix for the most effective use of allogeneic bone tissue. The use of decellularized allogenic bone tissue purified to a mineral-collagen matrix or demineralized is the most practical option among other osteoplastic materials when large bone fragments need to be replaced.

BACKGROUND: Whartons jelly of the human umbilical cord is one of the sources of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The cell population obtained from the postpartum biomaterial is characterized by high proliferative and regenerative properties. Isolation of a culture of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord does not pose a threat to the health and life of the donor. AIM: Optimization of the technique for isolating a reproducible population of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from Whartons jelly is an urgent task in biomedicine, which can accelerate the process of obtaining donor cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, the main techniques and methods for isolating the culture of umbilical cord stroma cells were tested, the cultivation process was optimized to increase its efficiency and reduce the time of growth of cell biomass. The effect of the components of the nutrient medium on the cells obtained from Whartons jelly of the human umbilical cord was studied. Currently, there is no universal composition of the growth medium; in various studies, nutrient media from different manufacturers are used, which differ in composition. The most discussed issue is the selection of serum, which is part of the nutrient medium. RESULTS: In the work, a comparative evaluation of five different sera was carried out. It has been shown that the most stable physiological parameters are observed in cell suspension samples with the addition of FBS (SKPK, Russia) and FBS (Capricorn, USA) sera. A study of the effect of hypoxia on cell culture in combination with the most effective sera showed that hypoxic stress acts as an activator of primary cell proliferation. The assessment of the effect of serum and hypoxia on cell culture was carried out visually using microscopy, assessment of changes in cell morphology during cultivation, and the results of testing the action of sera by the intensity of respiration of free and immobilized cells under the action of inhibitors. CONCLUSION: As a result of the experiments, the influence of the type of serum on the initiation of cell expansion from primary explants and further cell proliferation in vitro was established. Hypoxia during exposure of primary explants enhances the expansion of cells from tissue fragments of Whartons jelly tissue.