Journalists, non-profits and consumer organisations, as well as the authors' first-hand review of relevant privacy policies reveal that fertility and menstruation tracking apps (FMTs) collect and share an excessive array of data. Through doctrinal legal research, we evaluate this data processing in light of data and consumer protection law but find the commonly invoked concepts of 'vulnerability' , ' consent' and 'transparency' insufficient to alleviate power imbalances. Instead, drawing on a feminist understanding of work and the autonomist 'social factory' , we argue that users perform unpaid, even gendered, consumer labour in the digital realm and explore the potential of a demand for wages. Issue 4This paper is part of Feminist data protection, a special issue of Internet Policy Review

This chapter seeks to provide insight into the ways in which Member States leveraged the regulatory discretion afforded to them by the GDPR. Specifically, it reviews the biobank regulatory environment; whether and how derogations under Article 89(2) GDPR are enabled; the legal basis for scientific research and the role of consent in biobanking post-GDPR; the balance between individual rights and public interest in national law; and finally, the GDPR’s impact and future possibilities for biobanking. In exercising self-determination, Member States can, to a certain extent, align data protection requirements with their values and aspirations. Such alignment, though, could jeopardize collaborative research. In light of the need to bridge divergent legal and ethical requirements at a national and supranational level, the role of Research Ethics Committees (RECs) might prove to be essential.

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Seeking to understand and explain morality and moral judgements, it consists in descriptive second-order reflection on ethics. Not only does it refrain from evaluating extant morality but might even legitimise it from a place of authority.Given its origins in a political movement, feminist philosophy is underpinned by a commitment to normativity. From a feminist perspective, metaethics would be asking not only how we are but also how we should (or should not) be doing ethics. Thus, feminist metaethics includes normative second-order questions about ethics, too.