After the collapse of the USSR, main agriculture complexes were destroyed and stopped their work since than soybean production in Russia had a challenging period and has only recently reached the peak level of the USSR production. Currently, soybean production in Russia has several main obstacles. It is essential to study the history and steps of the development of soybean cultivation. The rapid development of soybean production in the USSR was due to protein deficiency. Given the high content of protein and a considerable amount of valuable amino acids together with affordable low cost of production, the government decided to expand the cultivated area of the crop (Glycine max). Mostly, the soybean was used for livestock feed and oil production. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics of soybean production in the USSR and the primary agricultural practices that were used. This paper is focused on the Far East area, where since 1958 year, the cultivated area had spread significantly creating the leading industrial production zone of soybean in the USSR.

Soybean production in Russia occupies one of the main niches in agriculture. An increase in the gross harvest and an increase in the efficiency of cultivation of agricultural crops within the framework of the state strategy of import substitution and strengthening food security are priority directions for developing the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of the new agri-food policy. In Russia, the price of soybeans increases annually due to the ban on GM soybean production, the unstable situation in the world soybean market, the increase in Russian exports, and the interest of the world importer of soybean -China. Over 65 years, there have been significant changes in the structure of costs for soybean production in such items as the share of costs for seeds, agrochemicals, and fuel. Nowadays, among the considered enterprises producing soybeans in the Amur Region, on average, total costs were $ 406 per hectare in 2019. For the enterprise's profitability, it is important to properly invest in costs to obtain high yields, which will bring profit to producers. This article analyzed the pricing of 4 farms in the Amur Region and overviewed the situation of the soybean production. The authors made a prospective picture of soybean production in Amur Region and its price structure based on the survey data and statistical data.

Soybean as a valuable fodder and oilseed crop has taken the primary place in agriculture of the Amur region, occupying 75.4% of the total sown area in 2021. However, research and experimental data on the vegetable alternative of soybean for the region are insignificant. This study suggests that given complex economic, cultural, and climatic conditions changes, successful introduction and cultivation of vegetable soybean Edamame is timely and needs investigation. The climatic conditions analysis demonstrated that the mean annual temperatures increased in the observed period (1910-2021). Analysis of the similarities and differences in grain and vegetable soybean cultivation, including necessary agricultural machinery, suggested that partial re-equipment of the technical base for harvesting and postharvest processing of vegetable soybean could make it fully possible to cultivate Edamame. Given the high vulnerability of vegetable soybean to excess moisture and a tendency of the Amur region loamy soils to waterlogging, drainage amelioration measures were recommended. It is concluded that for the efficient cultivation of Edamame, further substantial research and longitudinal field studies of profitability, region-specific agrotechnology, and appropriate soybean varieties are necessary.