Abstract. All structures are built of, or through, or supported by earth materials including soil. Thus soil surveys in civil-engineering field are an important step in the construction. A lot of things depend on their results, especially the cost of construction, durability. The hydraulic conductivity needs one of the most laborious, and expensive surveys, thereby it is necessary to reduce these disadvantages. Were considered different methods (a laboratory, field and a mathematical model), and conclusions were drawn about economic feasibility of using the least laborious method. This method can be used under the various constructions, when engineering or reclamation surveys take place.

Abstract. The collapse of hydropower plant could lead to significant financial, social and environmental damages. Accordingly the issue of safety and reliability is one of major problems of designing, maintenance and operation. The proposed solution consists in evaluation of implementation frequency of emergencies scenario, which can be defined by suggested classification of accidental situations' scenarios based on systems analysis to implement incidents on hydropower plants. Emergency scenarios on hydropower plants were proposed to classify by three criteria: the cause, place and character