. В статье приводятся данные исследований по получению наночастиц палладия путем восстановления хлористого палладия борогидридом натрия. Процесс восстановления проводили при комнатной температуре, в реакционную емкость, содержащую 100 мл 1∙10-3 моль/л раствора хлористого палладия, при постоянном перемешивании по каплям добавляют 100 мл 1∙10 -3 моль/л раствора борогидрида натрия. Процесс образования наночастиц палладия наблюдали визуально по окрашиванию раствора в светло-коричневый цвет. Размеры образованных частиц определяли с помощью ультрафиолетофого спектрометра в области λ=350 нм, в данной области наблюдается интенсивное поглощение, которое соответствует размерам частиц 10-50 нм. Наночастицы палладия были иммобилизованы на пористую структуру активированного угля, полученного из рисовой шелухи. Каталитическая активность полученного катализатора исследована в реакции гидрирования растительного масла при конвекционном нагреве и сверхвысокочастотном облучении. Найдено, что при содержании 1 % катализатора от массы масла образуется более высокоплавкий продукт (38оС). Снижение температуры и уменьшение продолжительности процесса приводит к низкоплавким маргаринам марок МЖК и МЖП. Применение сверхвысокочастотного облучения (мощность 700 Вт) значительно сокращает продолжительность процесса (до 30 мин) с образованием продукта с т.пл. 34оС

The article presents research results of the γ-ray and fast neutrons impact on various rice species, in order to obtain mutant forms resistant to salinity (NaCl) and drought factors (sorbitol. They are going to be used as initial forms in synthetic selection when creating varieties, adapted to the stressful conditions of, both, soil and climate in the Kazakhstan Aral Sea. The average lethal doses (LD50) of γ-rays and fast neutrons, as well as the average NaCl and sorbitol lethal concentrations were established. Such environment is best suited for clear manifestation of the mutagenic effect of ionizing radiation and the resistance of rice plants to salinity and drought. A distinct dependence in the effect of ionizing radiation and stress factors on the number of induced resistant mutant forms has been related to the initial rice sort. The largest number of mutant forms was obtained from the local variety Syr Suluy, followed by Leader and AyKerim varieties. From all varieties, the number of mutants obtained from exposure to γ-rays was 43 pieces out of 4500 grains, and from the impact of fast neutrons - 115 pieces out of 2700 grains. M1 mutant plants significantly differ from the initial forms in terms of morphological features – plant height, panicle length, grain size Most plants are characterized by short growth and even dwarfism (˂80 cm). They are lodging tolerant, have short and highly sterile panicles, indicating that they are mutants and resistant to salinity, drought, or both.

The article presents the results of the γ-ray and fast neutrons impact on various rice species, in order to obtain mutant forms resistant to salinity (NaCl) and drought factors (sorbite). They are going to be used as initial forms in synthetic selection when creating varieties, adapted to the stressful conditions of, both, soil and climate in the Kazakhstan Aral Sea. The average lethal doses (LD50) of γ-rays and fast neutrons, as well as, the average NaCl and sorbite lethal concentrations were established. A distinct dependence on the effect of ionizing radiation and stress factors on the number of induced resistant mutant forms has been related to the initial rice variety. The largest number of mutant forms was obtained from the local variety Syr Suluy, followed by Leader and Aikerim varieties. Out of all varieties, only 1% of the initially irradiated by γ-rays seeds survived, while after fast neutron irradiation – 4,3%. M1 mutant plants significantly differ from the initial forms in terms of morphological features – plant height, panicle length, and grain size. They are tolerant to lodging, and have short and highly sterile panicles, indicating that they are mutants.