Manufacturing and the further utilization of biogas is an efficient way of complementing or replacing primary energy resources. Ukraine has followed the global tendency to substitute fossil energy sources with renewable ones, which particularly includes biogas. Considering the experience of European countries, as well as the potential and needs of Ukraine, the necessity of biogas plant building implies three main factors: obtaining the energy sources, selling agricultural products and by-products of biogas production, and managing the environmental issues surrounding biogas generation. The growth dynamics of biogas plants and their productivity were analyzed for the period of 2012–2019. In doing so, the capacity and potential capabilities of biogas production in Ukraine by means of biological waste and agricultural raw materials were assessed. The article focuses on the importance of resolving the issues of sanitary and technogenic protection in biogas plant building and biogas manufacturing. It also points out the reasons that prevent Ukraine from going forward with biogas projects, as well as the main factors that affect biogas plant viability and efficiency. Based on the statistical data of previous years and regression analysis, the authors calculated the production output and biogas transformation. Herein, the trend model and Excel software were applied.
In the light of the growing importance of biofuels in the world and Ukraine's potential for its production, the current research focuses on analysing future development of liquid biofuel market and production possibilities in Ukraine until 2030 using the AGMEMOD model. The AGMEMOD model is an econometric, dynamic, partial equilibrium, multi-commodity model which has the capacity to evaluate changes in Ukrainian agricultural policy and the impacts of political decisions on the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The current paper offers an introduction of state aid in the form of direct support and tax preferences for liquid biofuels producers to meet the needs of the domestic market in biofuels and to achieve the indicative target of 10% consumption biofuels in the total consumption of motor fuel by transport sector till 2020. For the quantitative assessment of these effects, the AGMEMOD model was used. The results of this study indicate that implementation of the direct state support, introduction of the system of returning and cancelling excise duty for biofuels producers will stimulate the achievement of the indicative target of 10% biofuels' consumption by the transport sector.
In the past decade, from 2012 to 2021, Ukraine has doubled its maize production. The increase in gross corn yields is associated with the use of modern cultivation technologies by farmers, which increase the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors and adjust the mineral nutrition of plants with regard to weather conditions. One of the most important components of such technologies is the use of mineral fertilisers, the optimal amount of application of which depends not only on the level of grain yield, but also on the efficiency of production and grain quality. However, the rapid increase in world natural gas prices during 2021 has created new challenges and threats for the further development of the grain market in Ukraine. After all, world prices for mineral fertilisers have increased by 110% since 2021, according to the World Bank. Under these conditions, a radical increase in the cost of mineral fertilisers threatens to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian corn in the domestic and foreign markets, which would eventually lead to higher food prices and deterioration in the level of food security in the country. This may negatively affect the gross yields and export potential of the grain industry. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of supply and demand in the corn market in Ukraine and predict the consequences of the impact of changes in the cost of mineral fertilisers on the main parameters of its development according to probable scenarios, using the AGMEMOD econometric partial equilibrium model for the period up to 2025, which creates prerequisites for improving the efficiency of making and implementing management decisions and contributes to achieving the goals of national agrarian policy. The following methods were applied: monographic, abstract and logical, comparative analysis and expert assessments, tabular, statistical and economic, factor analysis, economic and mathematical modelling. The result of the study is an assessment of the current state and identification of the main factors influencing supply and demand in the corn market. Using multiple linear regression, the influence of the main factors on the yield of corn for grain in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine for 2001-2020 is determined. The dynamics of the balance of supply and demand in the corn grain market in Ukraine is analysed. The consequences of changes in the cost of mineral fertilisers on the main parameters of the corn market development in Ukraine are predicted according to probable scenarios using the AGMEMOD econometric partial equilibrium model for the period up to 2025. Based on the calculations made, it is proved that the high yield of corn and the favourable current price environment for grain will ensure a sufficient level of profitability of this grain crop. Methods for improving the mechanism of reducing the cost or compensation of expenses for the purchase of mineral fertilisers for commodity producers are proposed. Methodological and practical aspects of forecasting the consequences of changes in the cost of mineral fertilisers on the main parameters of corn market development in Ukraine using the AGMEMOD econometric partial equilibrium model for the period up to 2025 have been further developed. The proposed methodological approaches and findings can be used by state and industry management bodies in the development of priority areas for improving the effectiveness of the grain industry in Ukraine.
А.Д. ДІБРОВА, доктор економічний наук, професор Л.В. ДІБРОВА, кандидат економічний наук, доцент Я.О. КРИЛОВ М.А. ДІБРОВА, аспірант* Стратегічні орієнтири розвитку ринку зерна та механізму його регулювання Мета статті -оцінити сучасний стан ринку зерна, виявити основні чинники, що впливають на формування попиту і пропозиції, на основі розроблених прогнозних параметрів визначити стратегічні орієнтири його розвитку та механізму регулювання в Україні. Методика дослідження. Використано такі методи: порівняльного аналізу й експертних оцінок -для аналізу кількісних та якісних показників розвитку вітчизняного ринку зерна в умовах глобалізації; статистико-економічний -для збору й обробки статистичних даних, дослідження динаміки експорту й імпорту зерна; економіко-математичний -для прогнозування впливу факторів попиту (споживання на харчові й фуражні цілі, експорту і запасів) та пропозиції (урожайності, валових зборів, посівних площ, імпорту і запасів) на ринок зерна на період до 2025 р. Результати дослідження. Для досягнення поставлених цілей і завдань здійснено оцінку сучасного стану та основних тенденцій розвитку ринку вітчизняного зерна. Обґрунтовано недостатню ефективність механізму регулювання ринку зерна в Україні на основі отриманих значень показників «Підтримка ринкової ціни» з розрахунку на 1 тонну зерна та «Номінальний коефіцієнт захисту виробників», які використовуються в країнах Організації економічного співробітництва та розвитку (ОЕСР), що сприятиме обґрунтуванню управлінських рішень, урахуванню результативності їх впливу на добробут товаровиробників, споживачів та держави. Розроблено прогнози валових зборів зернових і зернобобових культур, а також обсягів споживання зерна на харчові та фуражні цілі на період до 2025 р. Це дозволило окреслити передумови для збалансування попиту і пропозиції зерна, визначення експортного потенціалу галузі та створення системи заходів державного регулювання, спрямовану на запобігання ймовірним проблемам розвитку зерновиробництва. Сформовано концептуальні підходи для створення ефективної логістичної системи на ринку зерна. Елементи наукової новизни. Набули подальшого розвитку теоретичні положення та методичні підходи оцінки ефективності регулювання ринку зерна на основі використання показника «Підтримка ринкової ціни» (ПРЦ), що сприятиме обґрунтуванню управлінських рішень, урахуванню результативності їх впливу на добробут товаровиробників, споживачів та держави. Практична значущість. Поряд із позитивною динамікою нарощування обсягів виробництва та експорту зерна обґрунтовано проблеми, що стримують подальший розвиток ринку зерна в Україні. Внесено пропозиції щодо їх усунення через удосконалення механізму державного регулювання ринку зерна.
An important condition for ensuring the competitiveness of an enterprise is the effective use of the innovative, financial, and information capabilities of the enterprise, which collectively constitute its potential and which should be competitive. The purpose of this article is to substantiate and develop the algorithm of the strategy of financial support for agricultural enterprises' competitiveness. Based on the calculations, the forecast of financial resources parameters of LLC Svitanok in 2019-2023 was developed, which reflects the tendency of reducing the parameters of financial resources, which itself confirms the need to improve the financial security of the enterprise. This article presents the components of the strategy for ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in terms of financial provisions, which will enable the prediction of the main indicators of the enterprises and the adaptation of the system of attraction and use of financial resources to a changing environment. A strategy for improving financial support for agricultural enterprises' competitiveness is proposed, which suggests the choice for the agricultural enterprise of the paradigm of development among the proposed alternatives. The implementation of a paradigm of existence, equilibrium, or perfection should be combined with an increase in the level of economic and financial security and a reorientation of export activity.
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