The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of the problem of memorialization of terrains of Babyn Yar in sovereign Ukraine. The author revealed the historical context of this issue, succinctly presenting the history of the tragedy of Babyn Yar, the crimes of Nazi regime, the murder of civilians, Jews and non-Jewish people of Kiev, during the German occupation of the city during World War II. The article pays special attention to the current state of preservation of the memory of the victims of Babyn Yar, the political component of this problem, in particular the fight against the pro-russian project of commemoration, including Holocaust victims and victims of Babyn Yar. The article considers the main scientific, memorial and political aspects and principles of activity of the private fund "Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center" (BYHMC). In the article are given the examples of this foundation's interference in Ukrainian memory policy in order to change the Ukrainian tradition of honoring the memory of the victims of World War II, which has developed over the past thirty years, and attempts to promote historical narratives of the Putin regime. The ways of overcoming such influence on the politics and culture of memory in Ukraine are offered, the advantages of the state concept of complex memorialization of Babyn Yar are presented. It has been proven that the first step towards the implementation of this concept should be the consolidation of efforts of all those interested in honoring the memory of the victims of the Holocaust and Babyn Yar. First of all, it is a joint effort of specialized, professional institutions, state institutions and non-governmental, public associations to create a real National Memorial on the Babyn Yar territory, which will perpetuate the memory of all civilian and military victims of this tragic place not only in the capital but throughout the country. The author emphasizes the importance and urgency of this form of struggle for memory and history, the need to resist Russian aggression in the field of forming a historical memory of World War II in Ukraine.

The proposed scientific work is an attempt to identify and analyze the main sociopolitical and historical aspects of the modern Jewish community in Ukraine development, as well as to highlight the main prospects for its development in the near future in the context of Ukraine's European path of progress. The study was conducted by the Center of Jewish History and Culture of Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and was supported by scientists from other scientific institutions. The monograph reveals the development of Hasidism at the present stage, the historical fate of Krymchaks, the peculiarities of the complex memorialization of Babyn Yar, the relationship between Jewish communities in European Union countries and national governments, the possibility of borrowing this experience and applying it in Ukrainian realities and others. The collective monograph is intended for political scientists, historians, humanities students, and anyone interested in research in the field of Ukrainian Judaic studies.

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of culture and policy Memory of the Holocaust victims in modern Ukraine. On the example of the international scholar and educational project „Protecting Memory”, which has been going on in Ukraine for more than ten years, the author analyzes the current state, trends, challenges and prospects of creating places of Memory and culture honoring the memory of World War II victims. war, including Ukrainian Jews and Ukrainian Roma. The article also provides a thorough analysis of the fundamental differences in the policy of remembrance for the victims of the Holocaust during the communist regime in Ukrainian lands and in modern democratic Ukraine. In the period from 1945 to 1991, the Communist authorities of the Ukraine banned a special memory of Jewish people, which were the victims of the Holocaust, all victims of National Socialism (official title of the Nazi part − NSDAP in German) during World War II were marked by the euphemism of the Soviet regime as „peaceful Soviet citizens”. The anti-Semitic policy was particularly harsh between 1948 and 1953, when Ukrainian Jews affected by the Nazi occupation came under the brunt of Soviet postwar repression. Thus, the feature of the tragic fate of Jewish communities during the domination of the Nazi anti-Semitic ideology and practice was completely leveled. The USSR denied the identities of civilian victims of the Nazi occupation, especially Jewish people and Roma. Only in the days of sovereign and independent Ukraine, the identity and memory of the victims of the Holocaust and the Roma Genocide in Ukraine were revived. One of the most powerful examples of restoring the historical memory of these civilian victims of the Nazi regime in Ukraine was the „Protecting Memory” project. Thanks to this project, during 2010−2020 in five regions of Ukraine − Lviv, Rivne, Volyn, Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr regions, 20 Memorials to Ukrainian Jewish people and Roma who were killed by Nazi punitive forces and their helpers during the German occupation of Ukraine in 1941−1944 were established. Key words: Holocaust, Antisemitism, Nazism, Stalin repressions Memory politics, World War II, Ukrainian Jews, Ukrainian Roma.