The timber processing complex of Russia is presented as a set of the industrial branches connected with preparation and processing of tree species. In the territory of the Russian Federation, there is a quarter of all world reserves of wood. The woods occupy about 45% of the space of the territory of the country. The main share of forest-forming breeds is formed of coniferous species: a fir-tree, a pine, a larch and a cedar. The forest fund of the country is divided into three main groups: field-protecting, water protective, reserved and recreational forests.Since the beginning of the 1990s, in the branch, the noticeable decline in production has significantly advanced the all-Russian rates of production reduction. The most important problem of the timber processing complex is the high level of wear of fixed assets. Though it corresponds to average figures throughout the industry (about 50%); the wear of an active part of fixed assets (equipment) reaches 80%. Commissioning new capacities is extremely insignificant. The coefficient of updating of fixed assets does not exceed 1,5-1,7% a year. In the world market, the timber of the Russian production is in great demand. The main reason for that is high quality of production. The timber from Siberia and the Northwest region has high durability when processed, and the dense structure is especially appreciated. The small and large enterprises of timber processing complexes of the Russian Federation managed to use this trump when the government has imposed big duties on export of "round timber". So, since the beginning of 2010, the volume of deliveries of coniferous timber from abroad began to grow. However, in Russia, raw components of the timber processing complex prevail, and woodworking productions have developed insufficiently effectively so far. As machining of wood is accompanied by high specific expenses of raw materials and huge scales of waste, many woodworking enterprises prefer to use ready raw materials.