Abstract. We analyze how university students develop and meet their need for additional education as the critical way to engage in lifelong learning, which starts in student days and continues throughout the life cycle. The article investigates into the theoretical approaches to the nature, content and orientation of the need for additional education, identifying the key factors encouraging university students to acquire additional major-related knowledge so as to sharpen their competitive edge in the labor market. We show that 71% of students experience the need for additional education, and 51% have already received some along with their regular university studies. We rely upon the determination theory to allow for not only extrinsic factors of development of the need for additional education (employer requirements, current trends) but also intrinsic ones (commitment to increasing one's competitiveness in the labor market, need for personal fulfillment). The article also explores how students develop and meet their need for supplementary knowledge and skills depending on their major field of study. We suggest taking specific measures to develop the additional education system, notably developing more actively students' need for constant improvement of their competitive power and better self-fulfillment in career and life, and expanding significantly the range of services offered by additional education institutions. Keywords: lifelong learning, higher education, educational needs, additional education, need for additional education, competitive edge in the labor market, personal fulfillment. 10.17323/1814-9545-2016-3-204-223 The dynamic changes in labor market requirements for university graduates and the need to adjust to them determine the relevance of research on the trends in the need for additional education across different student categories and the main contradictions in the development and realization of such need. A number of sociological studies have addressed the acquisition of knowledge and skills beyond the higher education standard by students to enhance their competitive power in the labor market [Gudkov, 2009;Lukashenko, 2003;Tereshchenko, 2005;Froumin, Dobryakova, 2012;Cherednichenko, 2014]. Master's and senior Bachelor's students who seek to obtain knowledge extending their basic university skills engage in continuing education as early as when obtaining their very first degree. The public demand for lifelong learning becomes their personal need. It brings forth a unique system of interaction between students, teachers, developers and organizers of ever more numerous supplementary education courses offered by universities or dedicated lifelong learning institutions. DOI:Additional education has been traditionally regarded by both foreign and Russian researchers as a type of adult education associated with professional conversion or advanced training in a specific field [Grummell, 2007;Huberman, 1974;Knowles, 1980;Derzhavina, 2008; Konstantinovskiy, Vakhshtayn, Kurakin, 2007;Lagutina, 200...

Введение. Развитие и внедрение в образовательную практику зарубежных и российских вузов инновационных моделей обучения актуализирует проблему готовности их использования преподавателями и восприятия со стороны студентов. Цель статьи-анализ отношения преподавательской общности к модели «перевернутого обучения» и ориентаций студентов на самостоятельное освоение лекционного материала, реализуемого посредством «перевернутого обучения». Материалы и методы. Эмпирической базой исследования стали анкетный опрос студентов II-IV курсов гуманитарных факультетов и полуструктурированное интервью c преподавателями Уральского федерального университета. Результаты исследования. Материалы исследования свидетельствуют о проблемах реализации и утверждения модели «перевернутого обучения» в образовательном процессе в системе высшей школы. В ходе исследования определено, что для успешного внедрения модели, по оценкам преподавательской общности, требуются такие условия, как перестройка системы учета норм времени, отводимого на различные виды занятий, формирование в вузе специального аппарата специалистов для технического сопровождения модели, организация специализированных семинаров, тренингов, мастер-классов для обучения технологии разработки и использования «перевернутого обучения» в практической деятельности. Результаты анкетного опроса студентов выявили трудности их включения в модель «перевернутого обучения», касающиеся прежде всего отсутствия навыков самостоятельной работы, которые формируются к старшим курсам. Обсуждение и заключения. Авторы полагают, что имеются предпосылки для успешной реализации модели «перевернутого обучения» в виде использования в образовательной деятельности информационных систем и программ, нацеленных на удовлетворение запросов студентов, при условии их обучения с первого курса методам самостоятельного анализа. Авторский коллектив апробировал методику социологического изучения отношения преподавателей и студентов к модели «перевернутого обучения», а также препятствий ее внедрения в систему высшего образования. Материалы исследования представляют интерес для администрации вузов, ориентированных на упрочение своих позиций в современном образовательном пространстве посредством включения в учебный процесс инновационных образовательных технологий. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты будут востребованы научным сообществом, в котором обсуждаются технологии смешанного обучения. Ключевые слова: перевернутое обучение, проблемное обучение, высшее образование, преподаватель, студент, образовательный процесс Благодарности: авторы статьи выражают признательность рецензентам за анализ представленной работы.

Th e article discusses a range of common problems faced by international students while studying in Russia, drawing on the example of Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg). Analysis of the sociological data has shown that international students have to deal with the following adaptation barriers: organizational barriers which students face when joining the educational process; socio-cultural barriers which mostly stem from the lack of language profi ciency; getting accustomed to daily routines of living on the campus; informational barriers caused by a low awareness of the conditions of life and studying in Russia (Russian cultural norms and values, the climate of the Urals, etc.). Th e article reveals a correlation between the specifi city of the countries international students come from and the main stages of their adaptation, providing guidelines for improvement of international student support at Ural Federal University.

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This research study is aimed at investigating distributed leadership practices in the Russian school system, of which professional teacher associations (PTA) constitute a distinct feature. In particular, we set out to investigate the PTA leadership potential, as well as the role and specific personal characteristics of middle leaders in the Russian school education system. These associations are formed by the school administration on the basis of subject areas, bringing together teachers of maths, history, etc. Teachers join PTAs on a voluntarily basis. The key function of such organisations consists in the implementation of innovative educational approaches and techniques. In order to analyse their leadership potential, we carried out a sociological survey among the employees of high-profile secondary schools (gymnasiums and lyceums) situated in the major Russian city of Ekaterinburg. The research methodology comprised structured interviews with 110 respondents, along with in-depth interviews with 2 school directors, 4 school deputy directors and 6 heads of professional teacher associations. Our results show that the fundamentals and principles of distributed leadership are actively implemented in Ekaterinburg schools. The school administrations encourage the creation of professional teacher associations grouped around subject areas, delegating to these structural units the functions of improving the quality of teaching the respective subjects and disseminating educational innovations, at the same time as fulfilling the requirements of the state and regional education authorities. Such associations are headed by middle leaders, who are nominated by their colleagues and whose candidacy is approved by school seniors, taking into account their professional achievements, experience of leading pedagogical innovations and the presence of the right personal qualities necessary for productive collaborative work. These people perform the role of mediators, operating at the interface between various levels within the school. Although viewed as a school’s personnel reserve for the positions of principals and head teachers, our respondents consider themselves to be ‘more teachers’ or ‘innovators in education’ than administrators. The development of the leadership qualities of such professionals in the Russian school system is shown to be hindered by a ‘glass ceiling’ – a certain limit in their career growth. This discouraging factor results in some middle school leaders searching for professional self-realization opportunities outside the school system, in the spheres of business, science or culture that are believed to provide more opportunities for self-advancement.