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The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia; RS(Y)) is located in the northeast of Siberia (Russia) in the basins of the Lena, Yana, and Indigirka rivers, in the lower reaches of the Kolyma River. Yakutia is an industrial–agrarian republic with a developed mining, fuel, and energy industry. Indigenous peoples live mainly in the Arctic regions, where the large-scale development of mineral resources is planned, and South Yakutia, where the mining industry is well developed. The aim of this study is the development of methodological approaches to assessing the impact of the mining industry on the natural environment and the social sphere in the places of residence and traditional economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the North. We used the results of research work (R&D), materials of expeditionary work, and regulatory documents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Russian Federation (RF). The state of the environment (ES) was assessed on the basis of the analysis of indicators for three areas: (a) anthropogenic load, (b) environmental and social consequences, and (c) resistance of natural complexes to technogenic impacts. In total, 22 indicators were used for the 3 areas, for example, population density, person/km2; the volume of extraction of rock mass, million m3; and emissions, t/year. To bring dissimilar indicators into comparable ones, we used a methodological approach with the use of the social risk index (SRI). In Arctic regions (mainly agricultural), the ES is in a favorable and relatively favorable state: SRI 0.61–0.70; in the central regions (mainly agricultural), it is satisfactory and relatively satisfactory: SRI 0.71–1.0; in the southern and western regions with a developed mining industry, it is relatively tense and tense: SRI 1.01–3.0. An extremely tense state of environmental conditions has developed in the city of Yakutsk: SRI ≥ 3. Generally, the deterioration of the environmental situation and vital activity of the indigenous peoples in investigated Arctic region correlated with the impact of the mining industry.

Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова» (Якутск, Российская Федерация) И. М. Потравный ФГБОУ ВО «Российский экономический университет им. Г. В. Плеханова» (Москва, Российская Федерация) В. В. Гассий ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный университет» (Краснодар, Российская Федерация) А. Н. Слепцов, В. В. Величенко ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова» (Якутск, Российская Федерация) Статья поступила в редакцию 8 ноября 2018 г. Рассматриваются результаты исследования по проблеме развития оценки и компенсации убытков, причиненных коренным малочисленным народам Севера при реализации проектов промышленного освоения территорий в Арктике. Анализируются отечественный и зарубежный опыт, экономические механизмы согласования и гармонизации разновекторных и конфликтных интересов в процессе промышленного освоения территорий традиционного природопользования. Разработанные рекомендации позволят, с одной стороны, компенсировать убытки, понесенные представителями коренных малочисленных народов, а с другой-вовлечь их в процесс управления природопользованием и социально-экономического развития арктических территорий с учетом сохранения исконной среды обитания.

The issues of the ensuring of the Arctic ecosystem sustainability are considered in the paper. The authors research the main approaches to sustainable development policy implemented by the Arctic countries, including the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is justified by the ongoing rapid changes in the Arctic space lead to negative consequences associated with the safety of human life in the northern regions. The article also substantiates the positive aspects of climate change and their impact on sustainable development. Based on statistical analysis, the authors identify the main trends in socio-economic and environmental changes in the Russian Arctic. The Conclusion outlines the directions for ensuring of ecosystem sustainable development, based on innovation, non-conflict coexistence of northern communities and business, the implementation of a rational state policy based on the balance of the economy, social sphere and natural capital.