The energy performance of the buildings is a wide spreaded area on which many research is done nowadays. However, because of the relative new large scale interest on it, there still are subjects that have limited research data available. One of this topics is the thermal performance of composite insulated panels with metallic skin, usually a closure solution for industrial halls, production buildings, commercial buildings or even office buildings. Because of the mandatory request of the Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) in the European countries and in Romania as well, is highlighted that is a lack of informations regarding the thermal behaviour of this type of technical solution and also, synthetic working data for building energy auditors, as linear thermal transmission coefficients values (Ψ-values) for the usually constructive details that compose a regular industrial hall is missing. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an insight about the thermal behaviour of this type of solution, by offering results of Ψ -values for four different dimensions of sandwich panels, which represents appropriate data for a thermal bridges catalogue that may be used directly by the building energy auditors.
Although the constructive detail type approach analysis already offers an extensive image about the influence of thermal bridges that occurs in the composite insulated panels with metallic skin, studies of the subject go further, by integrating the detail obtained results into parts of the building analyses, with the purpose to identify how factors such as occurrence frequency of the thermal bridge, or the percent of the glazed surfaces existent in regular facades influence the thermal behaviour of the building part, along with the numerical value of the linear thermal transfer coefficients obtained in Part 1 of the paper. Also, for the identified constructive detail with the lowest thermal performance, framework solutions were identified and analysed through steady-state FEM analysis in order to offer a working tool for building energy auditors.
Starting from the equation of Einstein (E = m·c 2 ), the chapter proposes a simple and fundamental presentation of the fission and fusion principles, together with some of their applications: nuclear reactors and nuclear propulsion vessels and submarines. Fission and fusion are chosen between the multiple forms of energy, as being the most important forms of nuclear energy, directly related with the equation of Einstein. Some characteristics of solar energy, produced from the fusion process inside the Sun, are deducted from the same equation of Einstein: thermal power of solar radiation; specific power of solar radiation; surface temperature of the Sun; solar constant on different planets, etc. The yearly variation of the solar radiation on each planet of the solar system is also presented.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.