The macro- and microprotonations of glycylglycylhistamine (GGHA)
have been determined by combined
potentiometric and 1H-NMR methods. The complexation of
GGHA with Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) has
been
studied by potentiometric, EPR, and 1H-NMR methods. In
the pH range 3−11.2, more or less deprotonated
monomeric complexes (MLH, ML, MLH-
1,
MLH-
2, MLH-
3)
formed in all systems. In the case of Ni(II) and
Cu(II) at physiological pH, the MLH-
2
species is predominant with four nitrogen coordination sites (one
amino,
two peptide, and one imidazole-N3 nitrogens) in square
planar arrangement. In Co(II) containing systems
however,
CoL is the predominant complex near pH 7 with a macrochelate
coordination of terminal amino and imidazole
nitrogens, while CoLH-
2 species forms at much
higher pH. In accordance with NMR measurements, the
formation
of MLH-
3 species can be assigned to the
further deprotonation of the N1-pyrrolic nitrogen in the
imidazole ring
without metal coordination. The formation constants determined
were compared with those of the analogous
histidine derivatives. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of
CuLH-
2·3H2O verified the
expected four nitrogen
coordination in the equatorial plane of Cu(II).
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