No abstract

In the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, the phytophysiognomy known as Cerrado takes less than 1% of its original cover. Thus, the establishment and management of protected areas are essential to save a significant sample of biodiversity of this environment in the region. The Santa Bárbara Ecological Station is one of the largest protected areas in São Paulo, and one of the few ones to cover a mosaic with most of the vegetation types of Cerrado. This article aims to increase the knowledge of avifauna in the reserve, showing new bird records and evaluating the association of species to their physiognomies. We carried out surveys from 2008 to 2013, which resulted in the record of 226 species, or 246 when in regard to Willis & Oniki’s works (1981, 2003). Twenty-two are regionally threatened, and five globally threatened. Despite showing lower species richness, grasslands stood out because of the number of species of conservation concern. Preventing the densification of woody vegetation and controlling the invasion of alien plants are important management actions for the conservation of the bird assemblages at Santa Bárbara reserve, one of the last open Cerrado remnants in São Paulo.

ResumoPredação de ninhos artificiais por saguis do gênero Callithrix (Primates, Platyrrhini) em um fragmento de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil. Embora as causas de declínio em populações de aves em fragmentos florestais não sejam bem conhecidas, a predação de ninhos parece desempenhar um papel importante nesses eventos. Um modo de estimar a importância relativa da predação na reprodução de aves nativas é a utilização de ninhos artificiais. São apresentadas aqui altas taxas de predação de ninhos artificiais por duas espécies de saguis do gênero Callithrix, C. pennicillata e C. jacchus, e seus híbridos, em um fragmento de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo. Por meio de ninhos artificiais e ovos de codorna preenchidos com parafina, foi possível identificar os saguis como predadores pelo padrão de mordedura deixada na parafina. Os resultados sugerem uma possível ocorrência de predação sobre ninhos naturais. Trabalhos futuros envolvendo o monitoramento de ninhos naturais poderão confirmar o papel dos saguis no declínio de populações de aves na área de estudo. Palavras-chave: Ovos artificiais; Sagui-de-tufo-branco; Sagui-de-tufo-preto; Taxa de predação AbstractAlthough the causes of decline in bird populations in forest fragments are not well known, nest predation seems to play a major role in these events. A way to estimate the relative importance of predation for the reproduction of native birds is the use of artificial nests. Here, there is a report on the high rates of predation on artificial nests by two marmoset species from the genus Callithrix, C. pennicillata and C. jacchus, as well as their hybrid derivatives, in a Cerrado fragment in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. By means of artificial nests and quail eggs filled with paraffin, it was possible to identify the marmosets as predators through the bite pattern left on the paraffin. The results suggest a possible occurrence of predation on natural nests. Further studies involving the monitoring of natural nests will be able to confirm the role of marmosets in the decline of bird populations in the study area.