Nogueira LA, Rocha AEO, Vasconcelos LM, Figueiredo Junior JAB, Bragato SGR. Manifestações neuropsicomotoras da doença de Huntington juvenil: sinais e sintomas e achados de imagem / Neuropsychomotor manifestations of juvenile Huntington's disease: signs and symptoms and imaging findings. Rev Med (São Paulo). 2019 nov.-dez.;98(6):408-14. RESUMO: A Doença de Huntington Juvenil (DHJ) consiste na neurodegeneração de células nervosas causada pela formação da proteína alterada denominada huntingtina, acumuladano citoplasma e núcleo de neurônios, capaz de gerar morte progressiva destas células de forma mais evidente no corpo estriado, que engloba os núcleos caudado e putâmen. A variante juvenil da Doença de Huntington manifesta-se em pacientes com idades entre 0 a 20 anos, com variedade de distúrbios motores, cognitivos e comportamentais. Com o objetivo de estudar os mais prevalentes sinais, sintomas e achados de imagem, bem como as manifestações iniciais e a evolução sintomatológica ao decorrer da doença, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literaturas, incluindo o total de 25 artigos selecionados após a adequação de critérios de exclusão e inclusão. Após a análise dos dados, concluiu-se que os sintomas mais destacados foram rigidez muscular, disartria, convulsões, bradicinesia e disfunções cognitivas e comportamentais. Em se tratando de achados de imagem, prevaleceram atrofia de núcleos da base e cerebelo em pacientes com a doença mais avançada e diagnosticados em tempo maior.ABSTRACT: Juvenile Huntington's disease consists of neurodegeneration of nerve cells caused by the formation of the altered protein called huntingtin, accumulated in the cytoplasm and nucleus of neurons, capable of generating progressive death of these cells more clearly in the striatum, which includes the nuclei caudate and putamen. The juvenile variant of Huntington's disease manifests in patients aged 0 to 20 years, with a variety of motor, cognitive and behavioral disorders. In order to study the most prevalent signs, symptoms and imaging findings, as well as the initial manifestations and the symptomatic evolution during the course of the disease, an integrative literature review was carried out, including a total of 25 articles selected after the adequacy of criteria exclusion and inclusion. After analyzing the data, it was concluded that the most prominent symptoms were muscle stiffness, dysarthria, seizures, bradykinesia and cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. In terms of imaging findings, atrophy of nuclei of the base and cerebellum prevailed in patients with the most advanced disease and diagnosed in greater time.
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