A higher prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infections has been reported in alcoholic patients compared to nonalcoholic patients living in the same area. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the levels of endogenous corticosteroids that subsequently enhance the fecundity of S. stercoralis parthenogenetic females. These corticosteroids also enhance the transformation of rhabditiform larvae into infective filariform larvae by mimicking the effect of the ecdysteroid hormones produced by the parasite, thus leading to autoinfection. In addition, alterations in the intestinal barrier and host immune response contribute to the development of hyperinfection and severe strongyloidiasis in alcoholic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of S. stercoralis infections in alcoholic patients and to determine the association between S. stercoralis infection and endogenous cortisol levels. The frequency of infection was evaluated in 332 alcoholic and 92 nonalcoholic patients. The parasitological diagnosis was carried out by agar plate culture, the modified Baermann-Moraes method and spontaneous sedimentation. The immunological diagnosis was performed using an ELISA with anti-S. stercoralis IgG. The cortisol levels were measured in serum samples by ELISA. The frequency of S. stercoralis infection in alcoholic patients was 23.5% (78/332), while in nonalcoholic patients, it was 5.4% (5/92) (p<0.05). The cortisol levels were higher in alcoholic than in nonalcoholic patients (p<0.05). However, among the alcoholic patients, the cortisol levels did not differ between S. stercoralis-infected and uninfected patients (p>0.05). As demonstrated in this work, 81.3% (26/32) of patients with a high parasite load, considered as more than 11 larvae per gram of feces, presented serum cortisol levels above the normal reference value (24 mg/dL). High endogenous cortisol levels in alcoholic patients were not associated to susceptibility to S. stercoralis infection, however once infected, this may lead to a high parasite load.
Analysis of the proliferation in vitro of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in individuals infected with Schistosoma mansoni and showing different clinical forms of the disease, as well as normal putatively immune individuals from an endemic area, was undertaken using total and fractionated soluble adult worm antigens (SWAP). A higher frequency of detectable response to fractionated antigens in T cell Western blot assays was observed in individuals with the more severe forms of the disease. Analysis of variance showed that, in the Western blot assays, there was a statistically significant difference in the level of cellular proliferation to antigens with low molecular weight (less than 21 kDa) between hepatosplenic patients and those with intestinal and hepatointestinal forms of the disease. No correlation between cellular proliferation and IFN-gamma production was observed. Most of the normal individuals from an endemic area failed to show significant proliferative responses to SWAP T cell Western blot assays or to antigen immobilized on nitrocellulose; they did show significant proliferative responses to whole soluble SWAP with positive IFN-gamma production. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that variations in the cellular immune responses to SWAP influence both the development of pathology and resistance to infection in schistosomiasis mansoni.
RESUMOIntrodução: A detecção precoce do câncer de colo de útero através da realização do exame citológico de Papanicolau tem sido instrumento de confiabilidade na diminuição dos indicadores de morbimortalidade desse câncer. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a percepção de mulheres sobre o câncer do colo do útero, através da prática de educação popular como instrumento participativo. Materiais e Métodos: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa-ação com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde tendo como participantes da pesquisa, 15 usuárias de duas equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Município de Senhor do Bonfim-Ba que participaram de um grupo focal para coleta de dados. resultados e Discussão: Através de duas categorizações foi possível perceber que as participantes reconhecem a importância da acessibilidade da unidade básica, valorizam os serviços de saúde da mulher e a assistência materno-infantil. Além disso, as participantes têm conhecimento da realização do preventivo, reconhecendo a importância deste para detecção precoce do câncer ginecológico, afirmando haver pouca difusão, correlacionando com ausência/pouca educação popular realizada pelos profissionais de saúde. Também foi mencionado sentimentos de insegurança e vergonha na realização do exame, mesmo sabendo da importância deste para a prevenção da doença e promoção da saúde. Conclusões: Há um conhecimento pré-existente entre as participantes acerca da prevenção do câncer ginecológico, porém é necessário que os profissionais de saúde trabalhem constantemente a educação popular como instrumento de participação dialógica dos sujeitos. RESUMENIntroducción: La detección precoz mediante la realización de la citología de Papanicolau ha sido fundamental en la disminución de la fiabilidad de los indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad de este cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción de las mujeres sobre el cáncer del cuello del útero, a través de la práctica de la educación popular participativa. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación-acción con un enfoque cualitativo, en una Unidad Básica de Salud, con 15 usuarios de dos equipos de Salud del Municipio de Senhor do Bonfim/BA quien participó en un grupo de enfoque. resultados y Discusión: A través de dos categorizaciones se observó que los participantes reconocen la importancia de la accesibilidad de la unidad básica, el valor de los servicios de salud de las mujeres y la atención materno-infantil. Además, los participantes tienen conocimiento de tener un frotis cervical, reconociendo su importancia para la detección precoz del cáncer ginecológico, diciendo que hay poca difusión, que se correlaciona con la ausencia / poca educación popular que se celebra por profesionales de la salud. Se mencionó también la sensación de inseguridad y vergüenza en el examen. Conclusiones: Existe un conocimiento pre-existente entre los participantes sobre el cáncer ginecológico, pero es necesario que los profesionales de la salud trabajan constantemente en la educación popul...
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