This study aims to understand psychological conditions of women during post-disaster recovery in Palu city Indonesia. The ethnic women in Palu city are known as the bulonggo (backbone), which describes their role, function, and position in the family. The focus of this study is to examine the psychological aspects of the wellbeing of Kailinese women, especially those who become victims of natural disasters and have lost their possessions. We conducted a survey on 200 women who live in two districts which experience severe earthquake and liquefaction. Through a psychological well-being scale adapted from Ryffand Keyes, the result was analyzed using factor analysis and interview methods. The findings indicate that among six dimensions of wellbeing proposed by Ryffand Keyes, personal growth and positive relationship are the most significant contributing factors to Kailinese women well-being during post-disaster recovery. The findings highlight the important of building personal growth and positive relationship among women community to develop their ability to recover from natural disaster distress. More importantly, as the personal growth and positive relationship contribute to Kailinese women's well-being, their roles as family backbone (bulonggo) in economics and social is also strengthened.

The Objective of this research is to determine the role of teachers in counseling guidance dealing with students who are victims by risak at SMA Negeri 4 Palu. This research is classified as qualitative research, and the data were described both in written and spoken. This research was conducted in order to see the role of counseling guidance teacher in overcoming the risak victims at SMA Negeri 4 Palu. Furthermore, the data collection methods used in this reasearch are observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data processing and analysis techniques were carried out through three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. This study was conducted to check the validity of the data using trigulation techniques.

This research is a quantitative approach with the aim at knowing: (1). The relationship between self-efficacy and the role of the teacher by learning based on self-regulation. (2). The contribution given by self-efficacy and the role of teachers in self-regulation based learning. (3). Levels of self-efficacy and the role of teachers in learning based on self-regulation. The subject of this study was acceleration in one of the Public High Schools in Surakarta as many as 115 people. This study is a principled study on population studies. Based on the results and analysis using multiple regression it is known that the correlation coefficient R = 0.375 (p = 0.000: p <0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and the role of teachers with self-regulation. The total contribution given by the two independent variables in this study amounted to 14.1%, and for both categorizations the independent variables namely self-efficacy and the role of the teacher were at a high level, and the dependent variable of learning based on self-regulation was at a very high level. Key word: Self-Regulated Learning, Self-Efficacy, The Role of Teachers

Penelitian ini berkenan dengan penerapan reward dan punishment terhadap pelaksanaan shalat subuh pada anak di Yayasan Panti Asuhan At-Tanwir Kabupaten Tolitoli. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis menggunakan reduksi, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1). Penerapan reward di Panti Asuhan At-Tanwir diberikan kepada anak-anak yang melaksanakan shalat subuh. Adapun bentuk pemberian yang diberikan kepada anak-anak yang shalat subuh di Panti Asuhan ialah berupa materi yaitu: perlengkapan sehari-hari, sekolah, buku, pakaian, pembayaran SPP bagi yang SMA, sekolah hingga ke perguruan tinggi, serta pemberian pujian dan acungan jempol, (2). Penerapan Punishment di Panti Asuhan  diberikan kepada anak-anak yang tidak melaksanakan shalat subuh atau masbuq. Bentuk punishment yang diberikan kepada anak di  Panti Asuhan yaitu berupa teguran, pemberian tugas-tugas yaitu mengangkat sisa-sisa makanan selama 2 bulan berturut-turut dan pemberian pukulan, (3). Faktor yang sangat mendukung berjalannya reward dan punishment ini adalah pengelolah Panti Asuhan yang mempunyai komitmen yang kuat untuk menegakkan aturan mengenai masalah reward dan punishment yang di laksanakan.Dampak dari hasil penerapan reward dan punishment di Panti Asuhan At-Tanwir berdampak pada perubahan perilaku yang baik, perubahan perilaku anak terlihat  pada saat masuk waktu subuh anak-anak telah bangun dengan sendirinya dan bergegas untuk melaksanakan shalat subuh tepat waktu secara berjamaah.