The COVID-19 pandemic has affected not only public health but also people’s daily lives. Among various strategies to prevent infection, mask wearing and vaccination are considered to be the most effective methods; however, they may affect the comfortable interpersonal distance (IPD) for social interactions. In 2023, although the COVID-19 epidemic is considered to be similar to influenza, the public health sector of Taiwan still plans to give each person at least one dose per year, and even two does for special cases such as the elderly; and more than 90% of Taiwanese are still accustomed to wearing masks in public areas. Compared with mask wearing, studies examining the effects of vaccination on IPD are lacking. Therefore, an online survey was conducted in this study to collect the IPD data of 50 male and 50 female participants to elucidate the effects of mask wearing, vaccination, and target sex variables on IPD. The results showed that all variables significantly affected IPD (all p < 0.001). The effect of masks on IPD (49.1 cm) was slightly greater than that of vaccination (43.5 cm). The IPDs reported for wearing and not wearing masks were 145.7 and 194.8 cm, respectively, and those for vaccinated and unvaccinated were 148.5 and 192.0 cm, respectively. Regardless of participant sex, the IPDs for the female targets were significantly shorter than those for the male targets, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. Although mask wearing and vaccination are functionally different in nature, the findings indicate that the effects of both on IPD are nearly identical, jointly shortening IPD to approximately 93 cm. This implies that not only masks but also vaccination could lead to the shortening of IPD and may cause challenges in the prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission.

The research objective was to get the use of teachers’ self-monitoring strategies in conducting performance evaluations, so that the quality of learning in class becomes high quality. The research method used descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used observation and interviews. The data analysis technique consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research was conducted at the Ahmad Dahlan Institute of Technology and Business Jakarta. The results showed that the teacher always evaluated the performance of the learning and teaching process on a regular basis, namely at the end of each semester. This is done to evaluate the overall learning outcomes. Meanwhile, learning evaluation is also carried out after each learning process by students’ input. The implication of the research results is the development of a teacher’s performance evaluation system at the University, either carried out by individual or university leaders

The current Covid-19 pandemic has had many effects on human life globally, including the implementation of education. This study aimed to obtain the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on learning outcomes in higher education. The research method used is a cross-sectional study. The data were taken from the test results at the end of the lecture, observations, and interviews. The research was conducted at the University of Muhammadiyah Lampung, IPDN Jatinangor Campus, and the Ahmad Dahlan Institute of Technology and Business, with 120 students participating. The data analysis technique used the percentage technique and cross-tabulation. The study results concluded that student learning outcomes decreased in the 2020-2021 academic year compared to the 2019-2020 academic year. The decline in learning outcomes includes knowledge, skills, and psychology. This finding has implications for the understanding of education personnel regarding online teaching and learning design during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Leadership is a way of doing something to achieve certain goals, as well as the leadership of the principal which is carried out in order to achieve educational goals. In line with leadership that shapes work culture, ultimately leadership and work culture are believed to be able to shape the characteristics of optimal work discipline. The study was conducted to determine the effect of the madrasa principal's leadership style and work culture on teacher’s work discipline. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with data obtained through questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis was performed through simple and multiple linear regression. The results obtained from this study stated that 1) there was a significant influence of the madrasa principal's leadership style on the work discipline of MTs teachers in Pangkalan Lampam District; 2) there is a significant influence of work culture on the work discipline of MTs teachers in Pangkalan Lampam District; 3) there is a significant influence on the leadership style of the madrasa principal and work culture together on the work discipline of MTs teachers in Pangkalan Lampam District.