This study aims to measure technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies of maize farming and factors influencing the technical inefficiency in Boalemo, Pohuwato, and Gorontalo Regencies, Gorontalo Province. Random sampling was used in selecting the respondents of 355 farmer households in 2012. The data were analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. Adoption of new improved variety (VUB) is more efficient than that of the old one (VUL). VUB's technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were each of 84%, 40%, and 34%, respectively. VUL's technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 75%, 36%, and 26%, respectively. Factors causing technical inefficiency were educational level, farmer group membership, access to credit, and agriculture extension. Increased efficiency can be achieved through farm management improvement, i.e. both technical and managerial capabilities of farmers. Key words : technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, economic efficiency, farming, maize ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efisiensi teknis, efisiensi alokatif, dan efisiensi ekonomi usahatani jagung, serta faktor-faktor apa yang memengaruhi inefisiensi teknis. Penelitian dilakukan di Provinsi Gorontalo, yaitu Kabupaten Gorontalo, Kabupaten Boalemo dan Kabupaten Pohuwato. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode random sampling, yaitu sebanyak 355 rumah tangga petani dengan menggunakan data cross section tahun 2012. Metode analisis menggunakan fungsi produksi stochastik frontier Cobb-Douglas, dan efisiensi alokatif serta ekonomis dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan dari sisi input. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan varietas unggul baru lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan penggunaan varietas unggul lama dengan tingkat efisiensi teknis, alokatif dan ekonomi masing-masing 84%, 40%, dan 34% untuk VUB, sedangkan untuk VUL masing-masing 75%, 36%, dan 26%. Faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab inefisiensi teknis adalah lama pendidikan, keanggotaan dalam kelompok tani, akses kredit dan penyuluhan. Implikasi kebijakan, yaitu peningkatan efisiensi dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan manajemen usahatani baik teknis maupun kapabilitas manajerial petani. Kata kunci : efisiensi teknis, efisiensi alokatif, efisiensi ekonomi, usahatani, jagung PENDAHULUANSalah satu tanaman pangan strategis dan bernilai ekonomis yang tinggi adalah jagung. Jagung (Zea mays) mempunyai peluang untuk dikembangkan karena kedudukannya sebagai sumber utama karbohidrat dan protein setelah beras (Zubachtirodin et al., 2007). Posisi jagung dalam diversifikasi konsumsi pangan berfungsi mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap makanan pokok beras, selain itu juga mempunyai arti penting 1
The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5,46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.
Sorghum is an important food crop commodity in the midst of climate change conditions and the threat of a global food crisis. Sorghum, which has an adaptive advantage to all land conditions, is suitable for use as a food substitute for rice and wheat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic value, farmers’ perceptions, and specific strategies for developing sorghum in Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, and Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta from September to November 2022. The research was carried out through the observation of 120 respondents with indicators of farming characteristics and farmers’ perceptions of sorghum development, as well as focus group discussions (FGD) and depth interviews with indicators of internal and external factors for sorghum development. The analysis used is benefit cost (BC) to evaluate the economic value of sorghum farming, the Likert scale to determine farmers’ perceptions of sorghum, and Strength Weak Opportunity Threat (SWOT) to determine specific strategies for developing sorghum. The results showed that sorghum farming is feasible to develop in Wonogiri Central Java and Gunungkidul Yogyakarta because it provides a profit value greater than production costs with a BCR value of >1. The perception of farmers in Central Java regarding the development of sorghum is included in the very good category with an average value of 3.31, and the perception of farmers in Yogyakarta is included in the good category with an average value of 2.55. The operational policy strategy for developing sorghum in Wonogiri Central Java and Gunungkidul Yogyakarta is an expansion strategy (S-O).
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