IntroductionOpioids are the mainstay of pain management in critically ill patients. However, recent attention to their adverse effects in the intensive care unit (ICU) has led to the use of strategies that aim to reduce these side effects. Among these strategies, there are multimodal analgesia protocols, which prioritize pain management and employ a combination of different analgesics to spare excessive doses of opioids and sedatives in continuous infusion. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a multimodal analgesia protocol on clinical outcomes and consumption of sedatives and analgesics in two intensive care units. MethodsWe conducted a single-center, quasi-experimental, retrospective, and prospective cohort study comparing clinical outcomes and consumption of sedatives and analgesics before and after the implementation of a multimodal pain management protocol in critically ill adult patients. We included 465 patients in 2017 (preintervention group) and 1508 between 2018 and 2020 (post-intervention group). ResultsIn the analysis of the primary outcome, there was a significant reduction in mortality between 2017 and 2020 (27.7% -21.7%, p=0.0134). There was no statistical difference in mechanical ventilation time or concerning the infection rate. Patients who received the multimodal analgesia protocol had a decrease of 24% regarding mean fentanyl intake and a progressive reduction in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) (8.4% -19%). There was an increasing trend in the use of adjuvant analgesics and morphine in preemptive and therapeutic analgesia. ConclusionThe implementation of a multimodal pain control protocol significantly reduced morbidity and mortality and the use of opioids in the ICU.
Gostaria de agradecer a Deus por me permitir ter conquistado mais um passo. Sem ele, nada seria. Aos meus pais, por sempre estarem ao meu lado, me dando apoio e oportunidades para voar! Ao meu orientador, Professor Marcos de Carvalho Borges, agradeço por ter confiado em meu trabalho. Agradeço por toda presença ao longo da minha jornada, pelas ajudas, sugestões, paciência, pelo aprendizado e pela amizade. Muito obrigada pelas lições de humildade e pela preocupação com o próximo. Você se tornou o meu exemplo e espelho como Professor! Meu sinceros e eterno agradecimento. À minha família, por sempre estar torcendo por mim! Ao meu namorado, por todo apoio e incentivo em mais uma caminhada! Ao Professor Fábio Carmona por ter me dado essa oportunidade, pelo carinho e todo apoio! À Prof. Ana Maria e ao laboratório de Biotecnologia da UNAERP por todo apoio e carinho. Às minhas amigas do laboratório, agradeço pelo companheirismo, pela disponibilidade em ajudar, pelas conversas e risadas, por todo apoio nos momentos difíceis. Aos meus colegas do laboratório, agradeço por todo aprendizado passado. Aos animais que cederam suas vidas para que esse trabalho pudesse ocorrer, muito obrigada.. Agradeço à Ceci por não medir esforços em me ajudar, obrigada pelo apoio e pelas palavras ao longo de minha caminhada! Ao Adalberto do biotério e à Paula, por toda ajuda! Ao Emerson da pós-graduação, obrigada pelo apoio. Agradeço a Fundação de Amparo e Pesquisa-FAPESP pelo apoio na pesquisa. Enfim, agradeço a todos que diretamente e indiretamente contribuíram por mais essa formação. Essa etapa concluída só reforça que não chegamos a lugar nenhum sozinhos. À todos, minha infinita gratidão. "O amor é a força mais sutil do mundo".
Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J. F. Gmel. ("cat's claw", Rubiaceae) is a plant with potential to treat asthma because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two extracts of U. guianensis in an animal model of allergic asthma. Balb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin intraperitoneally one week apart, then challenged with intranasal ovalbumin for three days. Animals were treated with aqueous or hydroethanolic extracts (100 mg/kg) for three days, simultaneously with ovalbumin challenges. Control mice received saline solution on the same days. In vivo bronchial hyper responsiveness, airway and lung inflammation, IgE levels, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Treatment with the hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced total cell and eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage, and in vivo bronchial hyper responsiveness. Moreover, U. guianensis hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced interleukin 13 levels in lung homogenate. Total antioxidant capacity and IgE serum levels were not affected with the extract administration. Of note, treatment with the aqueous extract did not elicit significant effects on asthmalike characteristics. Only the hydroethanolic extract of U. guianensis reduced lung inflammation and bronchial hyper responsiveness in asthmatic mice.
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